MARTINDALE'S

THE "VIRTUAL" ~ NUTRITION CENTER


SECTION I

ANATOMY TO NUTRITION

COURSES, DATABASES, LECTURES, VIDEOS


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Sydney, Australia: Sunday, November 8, 2009

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Home Page ~ Nutrition Center




Anatomy, Reproduction, Embryology


Chemistry I (Periodic Tables, Find a Chemical,
Microscopes & Microscopy, Courses, Lectures, Lessons,
& Lab Demonstrations & Experiments with Videos/Movies


Biochemistry ~ Microbiology ~ Bacteriology


Food Chemistry Courses,
Lectures, Calculations/Modeling & Laboratory Experiments


Food Properties ~ Microbiological Analysis of Foods


Body Composition Analysis ~ Flavors, Taste & Smell


Food Science, Food Technology,
Food Processing, Rheology, Food Process Engineering


Food Toxicology


Food Allergies & Nutritional Diseases ~ Foodborne Diseases


Diagnosis and Management of Foodborne Illnesses


Nutrition Databases, Courses, Lectures, Lessons, etc.


Nutrition Center ~ Nutrition Journals ~ Nutrition, Food & Cooking Dictionaries

Nutrition, Section I: Anatomy to Nutrition
Courses, Textbooks, Lessons, Videos, etc.

Nutrition, Section II: Dairy Science to Wholesale Food Prices
Courses, Textbooks, Lectures, Videos, etc.

Cooking Techniques with Videos/Movies & Recipes

Beverages
Coffee, Tea, Soda Pop, Beer, Ale, Cocktails, Wine, etc.

Nutrition Resources








      Microscopes & Microscopy with Text, Images, Animations & Simulations

        OPTICAL MICROSCOPY FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS (FLASH & JAVA APPLETS) - Olympus America, Inc. Multimedia Microscopy Courses, Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations, Calculators & Applets). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
        Optical Microscopy is
          "...designed to provide an Internet-based educational forum on all aspects of optical microscopy, photomicrography, and digital imaging..."
        Examples of "Microscopy" Categories & Subcategories include
          Anatomy of the Microscope
            "...Simple Magnification;
            Numerical Aperture;
            Condenser Aperture Diaphragm;
            Condenser Light Cones;
            Alignment of the Lamp Filament; etc..."
          Light and Color
            "...Optical Diffraction;
            Electromagnetic Radiation;
            Jablonski Diagram;
            Brewster's Angle;
            Concave Mirrors;
            Convex Mirrors;
            Refraction of Light; etc..."
          Specialized Techniques
            "...Optical Gradients in Phase Objects;
            Optical Path Difference;
            Rheinberg Illumination;
            Cardioid Condensers; etc..."
        For more information see Olympus Corporation

          Examples from over "150" Microscopy Lessons, Calculators, Applets, etc. include

            Physics of Light and Color Calculators & Applets
            Physics of Light and Color Calculators & Applets include:
              "...Electromagnetic Radiation;
              Sources of Visible Light;
              Fluorescence;
              Speed of Light;
              Reflection of Light;
              Refraction of Light;
              Diffraction of Light; etc..."

            Photomicrography Calculators & Applets
            Photomicrography Calculators & Applets include:
              Exposure and Color Balance;
              Didymium Filters;
              Filter Classes;
              Photomask Reticle Operation;
              Exposure Metering; etc..."

            Fluorescence Microscopy
            Fluorescence Microscopy Calculators & Applets include:
              "...Practical Aspects of Fluorescence Filter Combinations;
              Optimization and Troubleshooting;
              Electronic Imaging Detectors;
              Multiphoton Excitation Microscopy;
              Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy; etc..."

            Confocal Microscopy Calculators & Applets
            Confocal Microscopy Calculators & Applets include:
              "...Spectral Bleed-Through Artifacts in Confocal Microscopy;
              Choosing Fluorophore Combinations for Confocal Microscopy; etc..."

            Virtual Microscopy Calculators & Applets
            Virtual Microscopy Calculators & Applets include:
              "...Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy;
              Phase Contrast Microscopy;
              Reflected Light Confocal Microscopy; etc..."



        MICROSCOPYU (FLASH & JAVA APPLETS) - Nikon MicroscopyU, Nikon Multimedia Microscopy Courses & Lessons (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations, Calculators & Applets). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
        MicrosopyU is
          "...designed to provide an educational forum for all aspects of optical microscopy, digital imaging, and photomicrography..."
        Examples of "Microscopy" Categories & Subcategories include
          Basic Concepts and Formulas in Microscopy
            "...Conjugate Planes in Optical Microscopy;
            Depth of Field and Depth of Focus;
            Refractive Index;
            Numerical Aperture;
            Working Distance and Parfocal Length; etc..."
          Microscope Optical Systems
            "...Infinity Optical Systems;
            Properties of Microscope Objectives; etc..."
          Principles of Phase Contrast Microscopy
            "...Specimen Contrast in Optical Microscopy;
            Optical Pathways in the Phase Contrast Microscope;
            Interaction of Light Waves with Phase Specimens; etc..."
          Differential Interference Contrast
            "...Reflected Light DIC Microscopy;
            Bias Retardation Effects on Specimen Contrast;
            DIC Microscope Component Alignment; etc..."
          Concepts in Fluorescence Microscopy
            "...Introduction to Fluorescent Proteins;
            Fundamentals and Applications in Multiphoton Microscopy;
            Fluorescence Filter Noise Terminator; etc..."
          Introduction to Live-Cell Imaging Techniques
            "...Maintaining Live Cells on the Microscope Stage;
            Cell Motility;
            Optical System and Detector Requirements for Live-Cell Imaging; etc..."
          Fundamentals of Stereomicroscopy;
          Introduction to Confocal Microscopy; etc..."
        For more information see Nikon USA

          Examples from over "150" Microscopy Lessons, Calculators, Applets, etc. include

            Microscope Optical Systems Calculators & Applets
            Microscope Optical Systems Calculators & Applets include:
              "...Tube Lens Focal Length;
              Immersion Oil and Refractive Index;
              Numerical Aperture Light Cones;
              Geometrical Construction of Ray Diagrams; Perfect Lens Characteristics; etc..."

            Phase Contrast Microscopy Calculators & Applets
            Phase Contrast Microscopy Calculators & Applets include:
              "...Phase Contrast Microscope Alignment;
              Optical Pathways in the Phase Contrast Microscope;
              Phase Plate Configuration Effects on Specimen Contrast;
              Specimen Optical Path Length Variations; etc..."

            Differential Interference Contrast Calculators & Applets
            Differential Interference Contrast Calculators & Applets include:
              "...Bias Retardation Effects on Specimen Contrast;
              DIC Microscope Component Alignment;
              Comparison of Phase Contrast and DIC Microscopy;
              Wavefront Relationships in Reflected Light DIC Microscopy; etc..."

            Fluorescence Microscopy Calculators & Applets
            Fluorescence Microscopy Calculators & Applets include:
              "...Focus and Alignment of Mercury and Xenon Arc Lamps;
              Matching Fluorescent Probes with Fluorescence Filter Blocks;
              Choosing Fluorescent Proteins for Dual Labeling Experiments;
              Balancing Arc-Discharge Lamp Excitation Illumination;
              Stereomicroscopy Fluorescence; etc..."

            Fundamentals of Stereomicroscopy Calculators & Applets
            Fundamentals of Stereomicroscopy Calculators & Applets include:
              "...Oblique Coherent Contrast Illumination;
              Toroidal Mirrors;
              SMZ-1500 Stereoscopic Microscope;
              SMZ-1500 Oblique Coherent Contrast Illumination; etc..."



        MICROSCOPY (FLASH & JAVA APPLETS) - M.W. Davidson, Florida State University Multimedia Microscopy Courses & Lessons (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations, Calculators & Applets). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
        Virtual Microscopy explores
          "...specimen focus, illumination intensity, magnification, and translation---operating essentially in a manner that is identical to real-life microscopes..."
        For more information see Molecular Expressions: Exploring the World of Optics & Microscopy

          Examples from over "100" Microscopy Lessons, Calculators, Applets, etc. include

            Basic Concepts in Optical Microscopy Calculators & Applets
            Basic Concepts in Optical Microscopy Calculators & Applets include:
              "...The Concept of Magnification;
              Introduction to Lenses and Geometrical Optics;
              Microscope Optical Components;
              Microscope Illumination;
              Image Brightness; etc..."

            Digital Imaging in Optical Microscopy Calculators & Applets
            Digital Imaging in Optical Microscopy Calculators & Applets include:
              Concepts in Digital Imaging Technology;
              Basic Properties of Digital Images;
              Introduction to Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs);
              Introduction to CMOS Image Sensors; etc..."

            Specialized Microscopy Techniques Calculators & Applets
            Specialized Microscopy Techniques Calculators & Applets include:
              "...Darkfield Microscopy;
              Differential Interference Contrast;
              Oblique or Anaxial Illumination;
              Phase Contrast;
              Deconvolution in Optical Microscopy;
              Live-Cell Imaging;
              Confocal Microscopy; etc..."





        Chemistry Laboratory Demonstrations with Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

        CHEMISTRY LABORATORY DEMONSTRATIONS (QUICKTIME) - DVAction, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Multimedia Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations & Experiments Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
        Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations
          "...a database of digital video and images comprised of techniques and equipment used in the general chemistry laboratory..."
        For more information see the Department of Chemistry

          Subject Categories with examples of over "400" Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations include

            Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations by Category
            Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations by Category include
              "...Dispensers Video Demonstrations;
              Heating Apparatus Video Demonstrations;
              Measurements Video Demonstrations;
              Physical Separations Video Demonstrations;
              Reactions Video Demonstrations;
              Safety Video Demonstrations;
              Spectroscopy Video Demonstrations; etc..."

            Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations by Equipment
            Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations by Equipment include
              "...Analytical Balance Video Demonstrations;
              Beaker Video Demonstrations;
              Bunsen Burner Video Demonstrations;
              Cuvette Video Demonstrations;
              Electrodes Video Demonstrations;
              Flask Video Demonstrations;
              Measuring Pipet Video Demonstrations;
              Pasteur Pipet Video Demonstrations;
              Rubber Tubing Video Demonstrations;
              Spectrophotometer Video Demonstrations;
              Thermometer Video Demonstrations; etc..."

            Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations by Chemicals
            Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations by Chemicals includ:
              "...Aluminum Chloride Video Demonstrations;
              Barium Chloride Video Demonstrations;
              Calcium Chloride Video Demonstrations;
              Crystal Violet Video Demonstrations;
              Lithium Chloride Video Demonstrations;
              Sodium Bicarbonate Video Demonstrations; etc..."

            Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations by Microscale
            Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations by Microscale include
              "...Calibration of a Small Drop Microburet Video Demonstrations;
              Demonstration of Four Reaction Types Video Demonstrations;
              Making a Large Drop Microburet Video Demonstrations;
              Reaction of Sodium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Video Demonstrations;
              Serial Acid-Base Titration Video Demonstrations;
              Single Well Acid-Base Titration Video Demonstrations;
              Universal Indicator Video Demonstrations; etc..."



        CHEMLAB: THE CHEMISTRY 3/5 & 6 LABORATORIES - Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College Multimedia Chemistry Laboratory Course (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations & Applets).
        CHEMLAB
          "...the laboratory portion of general chemistry is not designed to torture students. The laboratory is designed to support and illustrate chemical concepts studied..."
        Each "Chemistry Experiment" includes
          "...Overview, Background, Questions, Problems, Safety, Procedure - Step by Step & Write-up..."
        For more information see the Department of Chemistry

          Examples of "CHEMLAB" Chemistry Laboratory Demonstrations include

            Glassware, Instruments & Techniques Demonstrations
            Examples of "Glassware Demonstrations" include
              "...Burets;
              Flasks, Beakers, & Graduated Cylinders;
              Pipets;
              Repipets; etc..."
            Examples of "Instrument Demonstrations" include
              "...Analytical Balance;
              pH Meter;
              Spectrometer; etc..."
            Examples of "Technique Demonstrations" include
              "...Calorimetry;
              Centrifugation;
              Quantitative Transfer;
              Titration; etc..."

            Chem 3/5 Experiments
            Examples of "Chemistry 3/5 Experiments" include
              "...Qualitative Analysis of Anions;
              Qualitative Analysis of Cations;
              Natural Salt Solutions 1: Ion Exchange;
              Natural Salt Solutions 2: Analysis of Seawater; etc..."

            Chem 6 Experiments
            Examples of "Chemistry 6 Experiments" include
              "...Chemical Kinetics;
              Spectrum of the Hydrogen Atom;
              Coordination Chemistry: Colorimetric and Gravimetric Analysis;
              Coordination Chemistry: Kinetics Measurements; etc..."



        Chemical Laboratory Experiments with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

        DELIGHTS OF CHEMISTRY: CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTS (QUICKTIME) - M. Hoyland, V. Volkovich & D. Ormsby, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, U.K. Multimedia Chemistry Video Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE.
        Chemistry Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments include
          Examples from over "40" Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations WITH Explinations include
            "...Making Fire Video Demonstration;
            Flammable Vapour Video Demonstration;
            Flammable Solid Video Demonstration;
            Smoke Video Demonstration (decomposition reaction);
            Hydrogen Peroxide Video Demonstration;
            Dihydrogen Gas Video Demonstration;
            Thermite Reaction Video Demonstration; etc..."
          Examples from over "25" Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations WITHOUT Explinations include
            "...Gun Cotton Video Demonstration;
            Lime Light Video Demonstration;
            Liquid Nitrogen Video Demonstration;
            Liquid Nitrogen Blowing up Balloons Video Demonstration;
            Liquid Oxygen Video Demonstration;
            Flammable Solid Video Demonstration;
            Silane Gas Video Demonstration; etc..."
        For more information see the School of Chemistry



        CHEMISTRY LECTURE DEMONSTRATIONS (QUICKTIME) - G.M. Bodner, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Multimedia Chemistry Video Laboratory Demonstrations (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
          Subject Categories with examples of over "200" Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations include
            "...Fundamentals of Measurement Video Demonstrations;
            Elements and Compounds Video Demonstrations;
            Stoichiometry Video Demonstrations;
            Gases Video Demonstrations;
            Thermochemistry Video Demonstrations;
            The Structure of the Atom Video Demonstrations;
            The Covalent Bond Video Demonstrations;
            The Main-Group Metals Video Demonstrations;
            The Chemistry of the Nonmetals Video Demonstrations;
            Acids and Bases Video Demonstrations;
            Transition Metal Chemistry Video Demonstrations;
            The Structure of Solids Video Demonstrations;
            Liquids Video Demonstrations;
            Solutions Video Demonstrations;
            Gas-Phase Reactions Video Demonstrations;
            Acid-Base Equilibria Video Demonstrations;
            Solubility Product and Complex Equilibria Video Demonstrations;
            Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Video Demonstrations;
            Electrochemisrty Video Demonstrations;
            Chemical Thermodynamics Video Demonstrations;
            Chemical Kinetics Video Demonstrations;
            Nuclear Chemisty Video Demonstrations;
            Chemistry of Carbon Video Demonstrations; etc..."
        For more information see Lecture Demonstration Sheets; George M. Bodner's Home Page; General Chemistry Help; Courses or the Department of Chemistry






BACTERIOLOGY


Microbiology Courses, Textbooks, Lectures, Lessons, etc.



    FOOD PROPERTIES


      Food Properties Courses, Databases, Lectures, Lessons, etc.

        Food Properties Databases

        FOOD DATABASE - netfood.com, TÜV NEL, Glasgow, Scotland Multimedia Physical Properties of Food Database (Text & Images).
        Physical Properties of Food Database is
          "...an extensive database of bibliographic references and experimental data on the physical properties of foods over a wide range of conditions and processes..."
          "...The project was part funded by the EU, received commercial s ponsership from Nestle, RHM and Unilever, was managed by Dr Paul Nesvadba, and the internet work was done by NEL..."





    MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF FOODS





      Rheology, Food Processing & Food Process Engineering

        Rheology, Food Processing, & Food Process Engineering Courses & Textbooks

        UNIT OPERATIONS IN FOOD PROCESSING: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PRINCIPLES OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING - Authors: R.L. Earle & M.D. Earle; Funding, publication and hosting for the book is provided by the New Zealand Institute of Food Science & Technology (NZIFST) Multimedia Food Processing Textbook (Text & Images).
        Unit Operations in Food Processing
          "...explains the principles of operations and illustrates them by individual processes. Each Chapter contains unworked examples to help the student food technologist or process engineer gain a grasp of the subject..."
        Examples of "Unit Operations in Food Processing" Textbook Chapters, Subchapters, etc. include
          Material and Energy Balances
            Material Balances;
            Energy Balances
              "...Heat Balances; Rnthalpy; Latent Heat; Sensible Heat;
              Freezing; Drying; Canning..."
            Mechanical Energy; Electrical Energy; etc..."
          Fluid-flow Theory
            "...Fluid Statics; Fluid Dynamics; Visosity;
            Streamline & Turbulent Flow; Energy Losses in Flow; etc..."
          Fluid-flow Applications
            Measurement of Pressure in a Fluid;
            Measurement of Velocity in a Fluid; Pumps & Fans; etc..."
          Heat-transfer Theory
            "...Heat Conduction; Surface Heat Transfer;
            Unsteady State Heat Transfer; Radiation Heat Transfer;
            Convection Heat Transfer; etc..."
          Heat-transfer Applications
            "...Heat Exchangers; Thermal Processing; Refrigeration..."
          Drying:
            "...Basic Drying Theory; Mass Transfer in Drying;
            Psychorometry; Equilibrium Moisture Content;
            Air Drying; etc..."
          Evaporation
            "...Single Effect Evaporator; Multiple-Effect Evaporation;
            Vapour Recompression; Boiling Point Elevation;
            Evaporation of Heat-Sensitive Materials; etc..."
          Contact-equilibrium Processes
            Theory
              "...Concentrations; Gas/Liquid Equilibria;
              Solid/Liquid Equilibria; etc..."
            Applications
              "...Gas Absorption; Extraction & Washing;
              Crystallization; etc..."
          Mechanical Separations
            The Velocity of Particles Moving in a Fluid;
            Sedimentation; Flotation; Sedimentation of Particle in a Gas;
            Settling Under Combined Forces; Centrifugual Separations;
            Filitration; etc..."
          Size Reduction
            "...Griniding and Cutting; Emulsification; etc..." etc.
        For more information see the New Zealand Institute of Food Science & Technology (NZIFST)



        RHEOLOGICAL METHODS IN FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING (FS 785) - C.R. Daubert, Food Rheology Laboratory, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, North Carolina State University Multimedia Rheology Methods in Food Process Engineering Course (Text & Images).
        Examples of "Rheology Methods in Food Process Engineering" Course Chapters & Subchapters include
          Introduction
            "...Elastic Solids;
            Correlations with Sensory Attributes;
            Viscosity;
            Time Dependency; etc..."
          Tube Viscometry
            "...Laminar Flow;
            Data Corrections for Capillary and Tube Flow; etc..."
          Rotational Viscometry
            "...Shear Rate Determinations;
            Cone and Plate Viscometry; etc..."
          Viscoelastic Material Functions; etc.
        For more information see Rheological Methods in Food Process Engineering Home Page; Classes or the Food Rheology Laboratory



        RHEOLOGICAL METHODS IN FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING (PDF) - J.F. Steffe, Food Rheology Laboratory, Michigan State University Multimedia "Rheology Methods in Food Process Engineering" Textbook - PDF, 428 Pages (Text & Images).
        Rheology Methods in Food Process Engineering
          "...presents the theory of reheological testing and porvides the analytical tools needed to determine rheological properties from experimental data. Methods appropriate for common food industry applications are presented. All standard measurement techniques for fluid and semi-solid foods are included. Selected methods for solids are also presented..."
        Examples of "Rheology Methods in Food Process Engineering" Textbook Chapters include
          "...Introduction to Rheology;
          Tube Viscometry;
          Rotational Viscometry;
          Extensional Flow;
          Viscoelasticity..."
        For more information see Food and Bioprocess Engineering: Teaching Resources or Food Rheology Laboratory








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