Martindale's Language Center - Languages of India: Dictionaries, Courses, Text-to-Speech, Keyboards, Literature, Poetry, etc.

MARTINDALE'S

LANGUAGE & TRANSLATION CENTER

LANGUAGES OF INDIA

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LANGUAGES OF INDIA

Assamese ~ Bengali ~ Gujarati ~ Hindi ~ Kannada ~ Kashmiri ~ Malayalam ~ Marathi

Newari ~ Punjabi ~ Sanskrit ~ Santali ~ Tamil ~ Telugu ~ Urdu

Languages of North-Eastern India

Languages: A-G ~ Languages: H-R ~ Languages: S-Z

English ~ Indigenous Languages ~ Sign Language & Braille

Writing Systems, Body Language,
Languages (Sounds) of Birds, Fish, Frogs, Insects, Seals, Whales, etc.

Linguistics, Language Journals, Fonts, Keyboard, Resources

Language Center

ASSAMESE

English <> Assamese

TRANSLITERATED ASSAMESE - The Resource Centre for Indian Language Technology Solutions, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India Multimedia English <> Assamese Dictionary (Text & Images).
Transliterated Assamese Dictionary includes
Consonants; Vowels & Matras
"...Transliteration; Grammatical Category; English Meaning; Pronunciation; In Asamiya..."
Antonyms; Synonyms & Polysemy.
For more information see Hierarchy of North-Eastern languages; Resource Centre for Indian Language Technology Solutions; Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati; Indian Institute of Technology Resource Centers in India or the Assam.org

Basic Assamese Teaching Modules

ASSAMESE ALPHABET - Assam.org Multimedia Basic Assamese Teaching Modules (Text & Images).
Assamese Alphabet
"...The Assamese script has 41 consonants and 11 vowels.
"...The language has a number of juktakhars which are combination of consonants..."
For more information see Assam.org

BENGALI - BENGLA

English <> Bengali

"ENGLISH-BENGALI" "BENGALI-ENGLISH": SAMSAD BENGLI-ENGLISH DICTIONARY - Shishu Sahitya Samsad, Calcutta, India; & hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago Multimedia English <> Bengali Dictionary (Text & Images).
Samsad Bengali-English Dictionary
"...The data for this dictionary was most recently updated in January 2006..."
For more information see Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the Digital South Asia Library

"ENGLISH-BENGALI" - Z. Kazi, Vitrual Bangladesh Multimedia English <> Bengali Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Virtual Bangladesh or Zunaid Kazi's Home Page

Bengali Dictionaries - Bengala Dictionaries

"BANGALA BHASHARA ABHIDHANA" - Shishu Sahitya Samsad; & hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago Multimedia English <> Bengali Dictionary (Text & Images).
Samsada Bangala abhidhana
"...Samsada Bangala abhidhana includes Bengali and Roman Alphabets. In order to display the non-roman characters a Unicode font must be installed..."
For more information see Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the Digital South Asia Library

"BANGALA BHASHARA ABHIDHANA" - Jnanendramohana Dasa; & hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago Multimedia English <> Bengali Dictionary (Text & Images).
Samsada Bangala abhidhana
"...Bangala bhashara abhidhana is a Bengali mono-lingual dictionary. This dictionary primarily uses the Bengali alphabet. In order to display the non-roman characters a Unicode font must be installed..."
For more information see Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the Digital South Asia Library

BENGLA DICTIONARY - Bangladict.org Multimedia Bengla Dictionary - Bengali Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Dictionaries or the Bangladict.org

BENGLA DICTIONARY USING BIJOY KEYBOARD - Bangladict.org Multimedia Bengla Dictionary - Bengali Dictionary using Bijoy Keyboard (Text & Images). For more information see Dictionaries or the Bangladict.org

Bengali Script - Aksharas in Bengali

BENGALI SCRIPT (FLASH) - Home School Community Project, Portsmouth Ethnic Minority Achievement Service (EMAS) Multimedia Bengali Script - Alphabet & Numerals (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Bengali
"...script was originally devised to write Sanskrit, but nowadays is used to write Assamese, Manipuri, Munda, Bengali and other East Indian languages. It runs from left to right on a horizontal line with a space between each word. Punctuation is..."
For more information see Home School Community Project

Interactive Bengali Keyboard

BENGALI KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Bengali Keyboard (Text & Images).
Bengali Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
Bengali Keyboards include
"...Bengali Keyboard & Bengali (INSCRIPT) Keyboard
For more information see Gate2Home.com

Basic Bengali Teaching Modules

ONLINE BASIC BENGALI LANGUAGE COURSE (QUICKTIME & REAL PLAYER) - Jaspell Services Limited, U.K. Multimedia Basic Bengali Language Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Basic Bengali Language Course
"...Bengali Pronunciation Guidance Using Romanized Method;
Bengali Basic Grammar Course: Bengali Vowels & Bengali Consonants;
Bengali Exercises; etc..."
For more information see Jaspell Services Limited

First Year Bengali Courses with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

BENGALI ONLINE COURSE (REALPLAYER) - Haimanti Banerjee, South Asia Regional Studies, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania Multimedia First Year Bengali Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Bengali (Bangla)
"...is simply more than a language. It is the essence and pride of all Bengalis, no matter where they reside and for however many years they have been away from West Bengal (India) or Bangladesh, the two places where it is spoken as a native language. While India has about 67,200,000 Bengali speakers, its neighbor Bangladesh has approximately 100,000,000 speakers..."
For more information see South Asia Regional Studies

Bengali Grammar

BENGALI GRAMMAR ANALYZER - mAdhavAnanda, a Bhasa.Net resource Multimedia Bengali Grammar Analyzer (Text & Images). For more information see Bhasa

Bengali Literature

BENGALI LITERATURE (REALPLAYER) - Library of Congress Office, New Delhi, India, Library of Congress Multimedia Bengali Literature (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Bengali Literature Authors include
"...Humayun Ahmed; Atin Bandyopadhyay;
Bani Basu; Suchitra Bhattacharya; Sanjeev Chattopadhyay;
Mahasveta Devi; Sunil Gangopadhyay; etc..."
For more information see Library of Congress Office, New Delhi, India

Bengali Poetry

BENGALI POETRY - Abasar.net, Teachers' Medicare Benevolent Fund Multimedia Bengali Poetry (Text & Images). For more information see Benglai Literature or Abasar

GUJARATI

English <> Gujarati Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-GUJARATI" "GUJARATI-ENGLISH" - Gujarati Lexicon, Magnet Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India Multimedia English <> Gujarati Dictionary (Text & Images).
Gujarati Lexicon
"...World's first and most comprehensive Gujarati Language Resources. Lovers of Gujarati Language can explore various Dictionaries, Thesaurus, Antonyms and Idioms simply at the click of computer mouse..."
For more information see Gujarati Lexicon or Magnet Technologies

Gujarati Lexicon also includes

Gujarati Dictionary

Gujarati Thesaurus

Interactive Gujarati Keyboard

GUJARATI KEYBOARD - - Gujarati Lexicon, Magnet Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India Multimedia Online Gujarati Keyboard (Text & Images). For more information see Gujarati Lexicon or Magnet Technologies

GUJARATI KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Gujarati Keyboard (Text & Images).
Gujarati Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

Gujarati Script Teaching Modules

GUJARATI SCRIPT - IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project, Systems Development Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Multimedia Gujarati Script Teaching Modules (Text & Images).
Gujarati Script Teaching Modules include
"...Gujarati Vowels; Gujarati Consonants; Gujarati Vowel Extensions; Gujarati Digits..."
For more information see Scripts Handled by the IITM Software; Online Resources provided at Acharya or IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project

First Year Gujarati Courses with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

GUJARATI ONLINE COURSE - B. Suthar, South Asia Regional Studies, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania Multimedia First Year Gujarati Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
First Year Gujarati Lessons include
"...Gujarati Writing System; Gujarati Phonology;
Gujarati Preliminary Lesson; Gujarati Readings; Gujarati Grammar
Gujarati Vocabulary; Gujarati Parts-of-Speech; etc..."
For more information see South Asia Regional Studies

Gujarati Literature & Poetry

GUJARATI POETRY - GujaratOnline Multimedia Gujarati Poetry (Text & Images). For more information see Gujarati Literature (Sahitya) or GujaratOnline

GUJARATI POETRY & GUJARATI SONGS - Tahuko Multimedia Gujarati Poetry & Gujarati Poetry (Text & Images).

GUJARATI LITERATURE - ReadGujarati.com Multimedia Gujarati Literature (Text & Images).
Gujarati Literature includes
"...Gujarati Classical Literature; Gujarati Modern Literature;
Gujarati Children Stories; etc..."

HINDI

Hindi Language Dictionaries

English <> Hindi Dictionary

"ENGLISH-HINDI-MALAYALAM" "HINDI-ENGLISH-MALAYALAM" "MALAYALAM-HINDI-ENGLISH": ONLINE TRINLINGUAL DICTIONARY - Resource Centre for Indian Language Technology Solutions - Malayalam, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Thiruvananthapuram, A Scientific Society of Ministry of Communications & Information Technology, Government of India Multimeida English <> Hindi <> Malayalam Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Resource Centre for Indian Language Technology Solutions - Malayalam

ENGLISH-HINDI" "HINDI-ENGLISH" - Technology Development for Indian Languages, Department of Information Technology, Government of India Multimeida English <> Hindi Dictionary (Text & Images).
English <> Hindi Dictionary
"...The dictionary not only provides an easy access to the hindi meaning of any desired English word, it also gives pronunciation & other usage of that word..."
For more information see Technology Development for Indian Languages

"ENGLISH-HINDI" "HINDI-ENGLISH" (DEVANGARI FONTS REQUIRED FOR HINDI) - Resource Center for Indian Language Technology Solutions, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India Multimedia English <> Hindi Dictioary (Text & Images).
English <> Hindi Dictioary
"...The user can see the Hindi meanings of the English word. This lexicon also provides the grammatical, morphological and semantic attributes of the Hindi word..."
For more information see Universal Word - Hindi Dictionary Home Page; Resource Center for Indian Language Technology Solutions or the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

English <> Hindi and other Languages

"ENGLISH-HINDI-JAPANESE" - K. Machida, Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Tokyo, Japan Multimedia English-Japanese-Hindi Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images).
The English-Japanese-Hindi Dictionary alows you to use the following keyboards
"...Devangari Keyboard; Gurumukhi Keyboard; Gujarati Keyboard or the Kannada Keyboard..."
For more information see the Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa or the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies

Hindi Dictionary

A LEXICAL DATABASE FOR HINDI (DEVANGARI FONTS) - Resource Center for Indian Language Technology Solutions, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India Multimedia Hindi Dictionary (Text & Images).
Hindi Dictionary
"...Please do not request searches that recursively traverse down noun hierarchies from very high in a tree (such as all the hyponyms of animals)..."
For more information see A Lexical Database for Hindi Home Page; Resource Center for Indian Language Technology Solutions or the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

HINDI DICTIONARY - K. Machida, Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Tokyo, Japan Multimedia Hindi Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see the Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa or the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies

Hindi Corpus (Corpora) with Online Hindi Devanagri Keyboard

SEARCH HINDI CORPORA (DEVANGARI FONTS): INCLUDES HINDI KEYBOARD - Resource Center for Indian Language Technology Solutions, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India Multimedia Hindi Corpus (Text & Images). For more information see Resource Center for Indian Language Technology Solutions or the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

Hindi Word, Phrase & Text Pronunciation (Text-To-Speech) with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "HINDI" - Prologix Software Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Multimedia Hindi Text-To-Speech (TTS) (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Hindi Text-To-Speech
"...This is a demonstration of our female voice "Shobha" for Hindi..."
Hindi Text-To-Speech Demonstration includes
"...Remington Keyboard & Transliteration Keyboard..."
For more information see Prologix Software Solutions

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "HINDI" - H.A. Murthy, C.S. Ramalingam, N. Sridhar Krishnan, S. Thomas, M. Nageshwara Rao, Y.R. Venugopalakrishna, DON Lab, Indic Computing and Communication Systems Lab, TeNeT Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Multimedia Hindi Text-To-Speech (TTS) (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Text-to-Speech Synthesis for Indian Languages & Indian English or the DON Lab

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "HINDI" - dhvani Multimedia Hindi Text-To-Speech (TTS) (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see dhvani

Devanagari Script - Phonetics, Writing Script & Pronunciation of Script with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

Hindi, Marathi, Nepali, Urdu-Hindi, Sanskrit & Prakrit

DEVANAGARI ALPHABET PHONETICS (FLASH) - Hindi Studies Programs, South and West Asia Centre, Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Multimedia Devanagari Alphabet Phonetics - Devanagari Alphabet Pronunciation Exercises (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Devanagari Alphabet Phonetics - Devanagari Alphabet Pronunciation Exercises Teaching Modules include
Click on one of the Lessons and Watch and Listen how each letter within the Lesson is pronunced.
"...Velar Consonants Lessons; Palatal Consonants Lessons; Retrofles Consonants Lessons;
Dental Consonants Lessons; Labial Consonants Lessons..."

Online Course Material - HIND1002- Introductory Hindi A; Welcome to Hindi Language Studies; Hindi Studies Programs; South and West Asia Centre; Faculty of Asian Studies or the Australian National University

LEARING DEVANAGARI SCRIPT - HINDI SCRIPT TUTOR (FLASH) - Avashy Multimedia Devanagari Script Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
This Devanagari Program
"...is designed to help beginners of Hindi quickly familiarise themselves with the script..."
Devanagari script
"...is used for Hindi, Marathi, Nepali, and the ancient languages Sanskrit & Prakrit..."
Devanagari Script Teaching Modules include
"...Interactive Video Stroking Techniques (Writing Script) for each Consonsant, Vowel & Conjunt..."
"...Audio Pronunciation for each Consonsant, Vowel & Conjunt..."
"...Audio Pronunciation for each Consonsant, Vowel & Conjunt within a work & used in a Sentence..."
"...Alternative Forms & Alternative Older Forms..."
"...Extras (Dotted Consonsants, Nasal Vowels & Numbers)..."
For more information see Avashy

THE DEVANAGARI ALPHABET (FLASH) - Hindi Studies Programs, South and West Asia Centre, Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Multimedia Devanagari Alphabet Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
The Devanagari letters
"...are formed using strokes in a particular direction and order. For legible Hindi handwriting these steps should be carefully followed..."
Devanagari Alphabet Teaching Modules include
Interactive Video Stroking Techniques (Writing Script) & Audio Pronunciation for
"...Vowels; Velar Consonants; Palatal Consonants; Retrofles Consonants;
Dental Consonants; Labial Consonants; Semi-vowels & Sibilants..."

For more information see Online Course Material - HIND1002- Introductory Hindi A; Introductory Hindi A; Welcome to Hindi Language Studies; Hindi Studies Programs; South and West Asia Centre; Faculty of Asian Studies or the Australian National University

HINDI ALPHABET (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIAPLAYER) - J. Shankar (South Asia Center) & T.K. Bhatia ( Languages, Literatures and Linguistics), Hindi/Urdu conversation lessons on the Web, Syracuse University Multimedia Hindi Alphabet Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Hindi Alphabet Teaching Modules include
Interactive Video Stroking Techniques (Writing Script) & Audio Pronunciation for
Vowels;
Consonants
"...k-Group Velars; ch-Group Pre-palatals; T-Group Retroflexes; t-Group Dentals;
p-Group Labials; y-Group Semivowels; sh-Group Sibilants; Flaps;
Sanskrit Letters; Persian Letters & Conjuncts..."

For more information see Basic Hindi; Hindi/Urdu Conversation Lessons on the Web or Jishnu Shankar's Home Page

AKSHARAS IN DEVANAGARI - WRITING SCRIPT IN DEVANAGARI (JAVA APPLET & REALPLAYER) - IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project, Systems Development Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Multimedia Devanagari Script Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Devanagari Script Teaching Modules include:
"...Pronunciation of Script & Stroking the Akshara (writing script)..."
For more information see Scripts Handled by the IITM Software; Online Resources provided at Acharya or IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project

Interactive Hindi Keyboards

DEVANAGARI KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Devanagari Keyboard (Text & Images).
Devanagari Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

HINDI KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Hindi Keyboard (Text & Images).
Hindi Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

HINDI DEVANAGRI UNICODE KEYBOARD - IndiaPress.Org Multimedia Interactive Online Hindi Devanagri Keyboard (Text & Images). For more information see India Press

First Year Hindi Courses & Teaching Modules with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

First Year Hindi Courses

HINDI 101 (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIAPLAYER) - J. Shankar (South Asia Center) & T.K. Bhatia ( Languages, Literatures and Linguistics), Hindi/Urdu conversation lessons on the Web, Syracuse University Multimedia First Year Hindi Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Hindi
"...is written in the Devanagari script which is ranked as the most scientific writing system among the existing writing systems of the world. The Devanagari script is written from left to right and is a descendant of the Brahmi script which was well established in India before 500 B.C. The script is phonetic in nature and there is a fairly regular correspondence between the letters and their pronunciation..."
Hindi Lesson include
Hindi Alphabet - Interactive Video Stroking Techniques & Audio Pronunciation for
Vowels;
Consonants
"...k-Group Velars; ch-Group Pre-palatals; T-Group Retroflexes; t-Group Dentals;
p-Group Labials; y-Group Semivowels; sh-Group Sibilants; Flaps;
Sanskrit Letters; Persian Letters & Conjuncts..."

Hindi Numbers with Audio Pronunciation
"...Hindi Counting Numbers; Hindi Franctional Numbers; Hindi Ordinals..."
Hindi Numbers with Audio Pronunciation
"...Hindi Nouns (Marked & Unmarked Masculine & Feminine Nouns);
Hindi Pronouns; Hind Adjectives (Marked & Unmarked);
Hindi Verbs (All Tenses, Past Tense, Present Tense, Future Tense)..."
Hindi Vocabulary & Conversation with Audio Pronunciation
For more information see Hindi/Urdu conversation lessons on the Web or Jishnu Shankar's Home Page

A DOOR INTO HINDI - HINDI LESSONS MENU (QUICKTIME) - Afroz Taj, Hindi-Urdu Program, Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, North Carolina State University & Triangle South Asia Consortium Multimedia First Year Hindi Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Examples from"23" Hindi Lessons include
Hindi Lesson 1: Bazaar
"...Hindi Video with Scripts;
Hindi Grammar Video Lecture;
Hindi Vocabulary with Video Stroking Techniques & Audio Pronunciation for each word;
Hindi Punctation; Hindi Culture Notes; Hindi Exercises; etc..."
Hindi Lesson 6: Taxila
"...Hindi Script;
Hindi Grammar (Dative Case, Special dative forms, Dative constructions, etc.);
Hindi Vocabulary; Hindi Exercises; etc..."
Hindi Lesson 10: Jaipur
"...Hindi Script;
Hindi Vocabulary;
Hindi Grammar (Plural for Respect, Animate Direct Objects, etc.);
Hindi Exercises; etc..."

For more information see A Door Into Hindi; Hindi-Urdu Program; Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures or the NC Center for South Asia Studies

HINDI ONLINE COURSE (REALPLAYER & QUICKTIME) - S.K. Gambhir & V. Gambhir, South Asia Regional Studies, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania Multimedia First Year Hindi Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Hindi Course includes
Hindi Alphabet Video Lectures (RealPlayer);
Hindi Video Lecture Lessons
Volume 1 & Volume 2 include "10" Hindi Video Lessons each.

For more information see Vijay Gambhir's Home Page or South Asia Regional Studies

INTRODUCTORY HINDI COURSE (FLASH & QUICKTIME) - Hindi Studies Programs, South and West Asia Centre, Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Multimedia First Year Hindi Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Hindi Lessons include
Devanagari Alphabet Lessons
Devanagari Alphabet Interactive Video Stroking Techniques & Audio Pronunciation for
"...Vowels; Velar Consonants; Palatal Consonants; Retrofles Consonants;
Dental Consonants; Labial Consonants; Semi-vowels & Sibilants..."
Devanagari Pronunciation: Learn the correct pronounciation for the Devanagari alphabet;
Indian Roadside Sign;
Hinidi Conversation Lessons; Hindi Bhakti Poetry Lessons; etc.
For more information see Welcome to Hindi Language Studies; Hindi Studies Programs; South and West Asia Centre; Faculty of Asian Studies or the Australian National University

HINDI PRABODH, PRAVEEN AND PRAGYA - Learning Indian Languages through Artificial Intelligence (LILA), Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Corporate Headquarters, Pune, India Multimedia First Year Hindi Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Free but must Register First.
Click on "Click Here To Learn Hindi with the Help of Other Indian Languages" to access Courses.
LILA Hindi Prabodh Course - First Year Hindi Course includes
"...Alphabet Module; Vocabulary Module & Lesson Module (26 Lessons)..."
For more information see Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)

First Year Hindi Teaching Modules

VIRTUAL HINDI (QUICKTIME) - Gabriela Nik. Ilieva, Department of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, College of Arts & Science, New York University Multimedia First Year Hindi Teaching Modules (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
First Year Hindi Lessons
Hindi Grammar: Examples from "5" Hindi Grammar Lessons include
"...Hindi Grammar Lesson 2 (Adjectives; Demonstrative Pronouns; Postpostion: ka; etc.);
Hindi Grammar Lesson 4 (Verb Structure + Concord; Verb: hona; Regular Conjugational Patterns; etc.); etc..."
Hindi Stories: Examples from over "35" Beginners, Intermediate & Advanced Hindi Stories include
"...The Clever Bird; The Two Cats and the Monkey; Friendship; How Many Crow's?;
The Soldier and the Old Lady; The Bird and the Parrot; The Bird and the Parrot;
The Rhythm of the Street; Darbaan; etc..."

For more information see Gabriela Nik. Ilieva or the Department of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies

Hindi Spelling

HINDI SPELL CHECKER - TextTrust Multimedia Hindi Spell Checker (Text & Images). For more information see TextTrust

Intermediate & Advanced Hindi Courses with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

HINDI (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Global Language Online Support System (GLOSS), LingNet, Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC), Monterey, California Multimedia Intermediate Hindi Courses & Advanced Hindi Courses (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Click on "Hindi", then "Proficiency Level" and then Skill/Modality".
All of the GLOSS lessons are categorized into one of three primary competencies:
"...Lexical (Hindi Vocabulary),
Structure (Hindi Grammar),
Discourse (Sevices that Bind Texts, Hindi Conversations, etc.)..."
Intermediate Hindi Lessons (2) includes over "37" Hindi Listening Lessons & Hindi Reading Lessons.
Intermediate Hindi Lessons (2+) includes over "20" Hindi Listening Lessons & Hindi Reading Lessons.
For more information see Global Language Online Support System (GLOSS); LingNet Language Materials Page or LingNet

Hindi Poetry & Hindi Literature

ANUBHUTI: A COMPLETE CLASSIC COLLECTION OF HINDI POETRY (HINDI SHUSHA FONT) - Anubhuti-hindi.org Multimedia Hindi Poetry (Text & Images).

KAAVYAALAYA: THE HOUSE OF HINDI POETRY - Vani Murarka & Vinod Tewary, Kaavyaalaya Multimedia Hindi Poetry (Text & Images).
The House of Hindi Poetry includes:
"...Classic poetry of pre-20th century;
Contemporary poetry starting from the beginning of the 20 the century;
Gems from new and budding poets;
A selection of poetic pearls..."

KANNADA

English to Kannada

ENGLISH TO KANNADA DICTIONARY - kannadakasturi Koota, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Multimedia English to Kannada Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see kannadakasturi

Kannada to Kannada-English Dictionary

KANNADA TO KANNADA-ENGLISH DICTIONARY - kannadakasturi Koota, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Multimedia Kannada Dictionary & English <> Kannada Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see kannadakasturi

Kannada <> Hindi Dictionary

"KANNADA-HINDI" "HINDI-KANNADA" - Authors: Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India, and the University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India and hosted by the Language Technologies Research Centre, International Institute of Information Technology Gachibowli, Hyderabad Multimedia Hindi <> Kannada Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Language Technologies Research Centre

Kannada Scripts

KANNADA SCRIPT - WRITING SCRIPT IN KANNADA (JAVA APPLET & REALPLAYER) - IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project, Systems Development Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Multimedia Kannada Script Teaching Modules (Text & Images). For more information see Scripts Handled by the IITM Software; Online Resources provided at Acharya or IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project

Interactive Kannada Keyboard

KANNADA KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Kannada Keyboard (Text & Images).
Kannada Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

Basic Kannada Teaching Modules

KANNADA TEACHING MODULES - Vimala Rajagopal, Penn Language Center, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania Multimedia Kannada Teaching Modules (Text & Images).
Kannada Teaching Modules include
"...Kannada Conversation Lessons & Kannada Grammar Lessons..."
For more information see Language Courses or the Penn Language Center

KANNADA SPELL CHECK - kannadakasturi Koota, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Multimedia Kannada Morphological Analysis, Kannada Grammar, Kannada Spelling Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see kannadakasturi

Kannada Poetry & Literature

KANNADA LITERATURE - OurKarnataka.com Multimedia Kannada Literature & Kannada Poetry (Text & Images). For more information see OurKarnataka.com

KANNADA SONGS, RIDDLES AND PROVERBS IN KANNADA SCRIPT - H.R. Chandrasekha, Department of Physics, Univeristy of Missouri Multimedia Kannada Teaching Modules (Text & Images). For more information see H.R. Chandrasekha's Home Page

KASHMIRI

English <> Kashmiri Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-KASHMIRI" "KASHMIRI-ENGLISH": A DICTIONARY OF THE KASHMIRI LANGUAGE - George Abraham Grierson; & hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago Multimedia English <> Kashmiri Dictionary (Text & Images).
English <> Kashmiri Dictionar
"...A dictionary of the Kashmiri language includes Perso-Arabic, Devanagari and roman alphabets..."
For more information see Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the Digital South Asia Library

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Kashmiri Courses with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

KASHMIRI LANGUAGE - Author: Sunil Fotedar, and hosted by the Kashmir News Network: Language Section Multimedia First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Kashmiri Courses & Kashmiri Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). For more information see Kashmir New Network

Examples of Courses include

LET'S LEARN KASHMIRI (REALPLAYER) - Authors: Omkar N. Wakhlu & Bharat Wakhlu, and hosted by Koshur.org, Kashmir News Network: Language Section Multimedia Kashmiri Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Let's Learn Kashmiri Course Lessons include
"...Kashmiri Alphabet (seventeen vowels and twenty seven consonants);
Kashmiri Words (Letter, Kashmiri Word, English Meaning);
Kashmiri Word Order;
Kashmiri Grammar Lessons;
Kashmiri Sentences showing use of Prepositions;
Kashmiri Proverbs/Idioms; etc..."
For more information see Kashmiri Courses or the Korshur.org

AN INTRODUCTION TO SPOKEN KASHMIRI (REALPLAYER) - Author: Braj B. Kachru, and hosted by Koshur.org, Kashmir News Network: Language Section Multimedia An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Kashmiri Language
"...The Kashmiri language and its dialects are spoken by 1,959,115 people in the Valley of Kashmir and surrounding areas. The language area covers approximately 10,000 square miles in the Jammu and Kashmir State..."
Examples from "50" Chapters from An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri Course include
Sounds of Kashmiri with Audio Pronunciation
Vowels
"...High-Front, Unrounded Vowels; High-Back, Rounded Vowels;
Mid-Front, Unrounded Vowels; Mid-Back, Rounded Vowels; etc.."
Consonants
"...Tops; Affricates; Nasals; Lateral; etc..."
Contrast between palatal and non-palatal consonant sounds;
Pronunciation Practice.
Kashmiri Functional Conversation Chapters (1-31)
"...Chapter 5: A conversation with a tonga driver;
Chapter 17: A conversation on Kashmir;
Chapter 29: On visiting tulmul (khi:rbhava:ni) temple; etc..."
Kashmiri Narrative Texts Chapters (32-45);
Kashmiri Poems Chapters (46-50).
For more information see An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri Alternative Site; Braj B. Kachru's Home Page; Kashmiri Courses or the Korshur.org

BASIC READER FOR KASHMIRI LANGUAGE (REALPLAYER) - Authors: M. K. Raina & Neelam Trakru, and hosted by Koshur.org, Kashmir News Network: Language Section Multimedia Basic Reader for Kashmiri Language Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Basic Reader for Kashmiri Language Course Sections include
Examples from Section 1: Introduction to Nagari-Kashmiri Alphabet Lessons include
"...Introduction to Nagari-Kashmiri Alphabet;
Combination of Anusvara with Vowels and Symbols;
Consonants in Nagari-Kashmiri;
Difference in Pronunciation of words using Vowels; etc..."
Examples from Section 2: Words and Sentences Lessons include
"...Identifying Vowels & Symbols;
Identifying Vowels & Symbols Assorted;
Practice in Reading; etc..."
Examples from Section 3: Translation Vocabulary Lessons include
"...Parts of Body; Relations; Days of the Week, Months & Seasons; etc..."

For more information see Kashmiri Courses or the Korshur.org

MALAYALAM

English <> Malayalam

"ENGLISH-MALAYALAM-HINDI" "MALAYALAM-HINDI-ENGLISH" "HINDI-ENGLISH-MALAYALAM" : ONLINE TRINLINGUAL DICTIONARY - Resource Centre for Indian Language Technology Solutions - Malayalam, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Thiruvananthapuram, A Scientific Society of Ministry of Communications & Information Technology, Government of India Multimeida English <> Hindi <> Malayalam Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Resource Centre for Indian Language Technology Solutions - Malayalam

Malayalam Script

MALAYALAM SCRIPT (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - malayalam-language.blogspot.com Multimedia Malayalam Script Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Animations & Audio/Sound).
Malayalam Script Teaching Modules include
Interactive Video Stroking Techniques (Writing Script) & Audio Pronunciation for
"...Vowels & Consonants..."

MALAYALAM SCRIPT - IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project, Systems Development Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Multimedia Malayalam Script (Text & Images). For more information see Scripts; Online Resources or the IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project

Interactive Malayalam Keyboard

MALAYALAM KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Malayalam Keyboard (Text & Images).
Malayalam Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

MARATHI

English <> Marathi Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-MARATHI" "MARATHI-ENGLISH" - J.T. Molesworth; & hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago Multimedia English <> Marathi Dictionary (Text & Images).
English <> Marathi Dictionary
"...A dictionary, Marathi and English includes Perso-Arabic, Devanagari and roman alphabets...."
For more information see Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the Digital South Asia Library

"ENGLISH-MARATHI" "MARATHI-ENGLISH": THE ARYABHUSAN SCHOOL DICTIONARY, MARATHI-ENGLISH - Shridhar Ganesh Vaze; & hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago Multimedia English <> Marathi Dictionary (Text & Images).
English <> Marathi Dictionary
"...The Aryabhusan school dictionary includes Devanagari and roman alphabets...."
For more information see Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the Digital South Asia Library

Marathi Dictionaries

A LEXICAL DATABASE FOR MARATHI (DEVANGARI FONTS) - Resource Center for Indian Language Technology Solutions, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India Multimedia Marathi Dictionary (Text & Images).
Marathi Wordnet
"...is based on idea of English WordNet. It is more than a conventional Marathi dictionary. It gives different relations between synsets or synonym sets which represent unique concepts..."
For more information see A Lexical Database for Marathi Home Page; Resource Center for Indian Language Technology Solutions or the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

Marathi Corpus (Copora) with Devangari Keyboard

SEARCH MARATHI CORPORA (DEVANGARI FONTS): INCLUDES DEVANGARI KEYBOARD - Resource Center for Indian Language Technology Solutions, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India Multimedia Marthi Corpus (Text & Images). For more information see Resource Center for Indian Language Technology Solutions or the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

Devanagari Script - Phonetics, Writing Script & Pronunciation of Script with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

Hindi, Marathi, Nepali, Urdu-Hindi, Sanskrit & Prakrit

LEARING DEVANAGARI SCRIPT - HINDI SCRIPT TUTOR (FLASH) - Avashy Multimedia Devanagari Script Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
This Devanagari Program
"...is designed to help beginners of Hindi quickly familiarise themselves with the script..."
Devanagari script
"...is used for Hindi, Marathi, Nepali, and the ancient languages Sanskrit & Prakrit..."
Devanagari Script Teaching Modules include
"...Interactive Video Stroking Techniques (Writing Script) for each Consonsant, Vowel & Conjunt..."
"...Audio Pronunciation for each Consonsant, Vowel & Conjunt..."
"...Audio Pronunciation for each Consonsant, Vowel & Conjunt within a work & used in a Sentence..."
"...Alternative Forms & Alternative Older Forms..."
"...Extras (Dotted Consonsants, Nasal Vowels & Numbers)..."
For more information see Avashy

AKSHARAS IN DEVANAGARI - WRITING SCRIPT IN DEVANAGARI (JAVA APPLET & REALPLAYER) - IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project, Systems Development Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Multimedia Devanagari Script Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Devanagari Script Teaching Modules include:
"...Pronunciation of Script & Stroking the Akshara (writing script)..."
For more information see Scripts Handled by the IITM Software; Online Resources provided at Acharya or IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project

Interactive Keyboards

DEVANAGARI KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Devanagari Keyboard (Text & Images).
Devanagari Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

MALAYALAM KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Marathi Keyboard (Text & Images).
Marathi Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

Basic Marathi Course with (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

MARATHI LANGUAGE COURSE (REALPLAYER) - MarathiMitra.com Multimedia Basic Marathi Teaching Modules (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Marathi Teaching Modules include
"...Marathi Conversation Lessons; Marathi Expressions; Marathi Grammar Lessons;
Marathi Word List; Marathi Pronunciation..."

Marathi Grammar Teaching Modules

DAMLE'S MARATHI GRAMMAR (DEVANGARI FONTS) - Resource Center for Indian Language Technology Solutions, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India Multimedia Marathi Grammar Teaching Modules (Text & Images). For more information see Resource Center for Indian Language Technology Solutions or the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

NEWARI

Newari to English

NEWARI TO ENGLISH - Nepal Bhasha Dictionary Committee (NBDC) Multimedia Newari to English Dictionary (Text & Images).
Newari Lexicon
"...is a compilation of words from the Newari glosses, with reference to the original Sanskrit and to English..."
Newari Lexicon

PUNJABI

English <> Punjabi

"ENGLISH-PUNJABI" "PUNJABI-ENGLISH" - Advanced Center for Technical Developmnet of Punjabi Language, Literature & Culture, Punjabi University, Patiala, India Multimedia English <> Punjabi Dictionary (Text & Images).
English <> Punjabi Dictionary
Multimedia enabled Dictionary Compiled in both Gurmukhi & Shahmukhi Scripts..."
"...Includes an online Keyboard..."
For more information see the Advanced Center for Technical Developmnet of Punjabi Language, Literature & Culture

"ENGLISH-PUNJABI" "PUNJABI-ENGLISH" - Punjab Online Multimedia English <> Punjabi Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Punjab Online

"ENGLISH-PUNJABI" "PUNJABI-ENGLISH" - SriGranth.org Multimedia English <> Punjabi Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see SriGranth.org

Punjabi Encyclopedia & Dictionaries

MAHAN KOSH ENCYCLOPEDIA, GURBANI DICTIONARIES AND PUNJABI/ENGLISH DICTIONARIES - SriGranth.org Multimedia Mahan Kosh Encyclopedia, Gurbani Dictionaries and Punjabi/English Dictionaries (Text & Images).
"...Includes an online Gurmukhi Keyboard..."
For more information see SriGranth.org, a Sri Guru Granth Sahib resource

Gurmukhi Script (Punjabi Language) Teaching Modules

GURMUKHI SCRIPT (PUNJABI LANGUAGE) - IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project, Systems Development Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Multimedia Gurmukhi Script Teaching Modules (Text & Images). For more information see Scripts Handled by the IITM Software; Online Resources provided at Acharya or IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project

Interactive Punjabi (Gurmukhi Script) Keyboards

PUNJABI KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Punjabi Keyboard - Gurmukhi Script (Text & Images).
Punjabi Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

Basic Punjabi Teaching Modules

PUNJABI LESSONS (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Site Design: Jasjeet Singh Thind, Punjabi Online Multimedia Basic Punjabi Teaching Modules (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Punjabi Lessons include
"...Punjabi Alphabet (Vowels; Consonants; Semi-Vowels, Conjuncts, etc.);
Basic Writing and Words; Vocabulary; Grammar; etc..."
For more information see Punjabi Online

PUNJABI LESSONS - Punjabilearning.com Multimedia Basic Punjabi Teaching Modules (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Punjabi Lessons include
"...Lesson 1: Punjabi Alphabet (Vowels & Consonants);
Lessons 2: Joining the consonants;
Lessons 5: Grammar (Pronunus); etc..."

LEARN PUNJABI - PunjabiDictionary.com Multimedia Basic Punjabi Teaching Modules (Text & Images).
Punjabi Teaching Modules include
"...Punjabi Alaphabet; Punjabi Numbers; Punjabi Days, Weeks, Months; etc..."
For more information see PunjabiDictionary

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Punjabi Courses

PUNJABI (FLASH & QUICKTIME) - Advanced Center for Technical Developmnet of Punjabi Language, Literature & Culture, Punjabi University, Patiala, India Multimedia First Year Punjabi Course (Text & Images).
Punjabi
"...is most commonly written in the Gurmukhi script which is the most complete and accurate way to represent Punjabi sounds. Unlike Roman script, the Gurmukhi script follows a 'one sound-one symbol' principle..."
"...The Gurmukhi script has forty one letters including thirty eight consonants and three basic vowel sign bearers. There are ten clear vowel signs and three auxiliary signs. The most striking characteristic of the Gurmukhi script, in comparison with Roman, is that, with the exception of five, all letters are joined by a line across the top..."
First Year Punjabi Course includes
Punjabi Alaphabet Lessons
Punjabi Alaphabet "Introduction" Audio Pronunciation of each letter including
"...Consonants; Consonants with a Sot; Subjoined Consonants; Nasalisation (Nasal Consonants); Vowels; Independent Vowels; Auxiliary Signs..."
Punjabi Alaphabet "Animations of Punjabi Consonants" (Learn How to Write Punjabi);
Gurmukhi Paintee Character by Character (Audio);
Punjabi Numbers Lessons; Punjabi Words Lessons; Punjabi Vocabulary Lessons;
Punjabi Sentence Lessons
"...Matra Based Sentences; Interrogative Sentences; Imperative Sentences; etc..."
Punjabi Stories
"...Animated Punjabi Stories & Talking Punjabi Stories..."

For more information see the Advanced Center for Technical Developmnet of Punjabi Language, Literature & Culture

INTRODUCTION TO PUNJABI (QUICKTIME) - Learning Resources Center, University Libraries, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Multimedia First Year Punjabi Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples from over "30" Punjabi Lessons inlude
"...Punjabi Phonetics (Punjabi Alphabet, Consonant Drill, Affricates, etc.);
Punjabi Conversation Lessons;
Punjabi Pattern Drills;
Punjabi Grammar (Nouns, Adjectives, etc.)..."
For more information see Digital South-Asia Language Archive; Digital Audio Initiative or the Learning Resources Center

PUNJABI (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Global Language Online Support System (GLOSS), LingNet, Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC), Monterey, California Multimedia Intermediate Punjabi Courses & Advanced Punjabi Courses (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Click on "Punjabi", then "Proficiency Level" and then Skill/Modality".
All of the GLOSS lessons are categorized into one of three primary competencies:
"...Lexical (Punjabi Vocabulary),
Structure (Punjabi Grammar),
Discourse (Sevices that Bind Texts, Punjabi Conversations, etc.)..."
Intermediate Punjabi Lessons (2) includes over "2" Punjabi Listening Lessons & Punjabi Reading Lessons.
For more information see Global Language Online Support System (GLOSS); LingNet Language Materials Page or LingNet

Punjabi Literature & Poetry

PUNJABI POETRY - Punjabilok Multimedia Punjabi Poetry (Text & Images). For more information see Punjabilok

SANSKRIT

English <> Sanskrit

"ENGLISH-SANSKRIT" "SANSKRIT-ENGLISH": MONIER WILLIAM DICTIONARY (2006 REVISION) - The Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon (CDSL), Institut für Indologie und Tamilistik/Institute of Indology and Tamil Studies, Universität zu Köln/University of Cologne, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) Multimedia English <> Sanskrit Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Institute of Indology and Tamil Studies

"ENGLISH-SANSKRIT" "SANSKRIT-ENGLISH" MONIER WILLIAMS SANSKRIT DICTIONARY (JAVA APPLET) - IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project, Systems Development Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Multimedia English <> Sanskrit Dictionary with Devanagari Keyboard (Text & Images).
English <> Sanskrit Dictionary
"...word may be entered in Devanagari in the applet based search below or the familiar transliterated input method using the Harvard Kyoto scheme..."
For more information see Online Resources provided at Acharya or IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project

"ENGLISH-SANSKRIT" "SANSKRIT-ENGLISH" - J. Takashima, Japan Multimedia English <> Sanskrit Dictionary with Devanagari Keyboard (Text & Images).
Apte Sanskrit Dictionary
"...a Web Sanskrit Dictionary based on "The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary" of Vaman Shivaram Apte..."
For more information see Jun Takashima's Home Page

"ENGLISH-SANSKRIT" "SANSKRIT-ENGLISH": A PRACTICAL SANSKRIT DICTIONARY WITH TRANSLITERATION, ACCENTUATION, AND ETYMOLOGY - Arthur Anthony Macdonell; & hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago Multimedia English <> Sanskrit Dictionary (Text & Images).
English <> Sanskrit Dictionary
"...includes Devanagari and Roman Alphabets..."
For more information see Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the Digital South Asia Library

Sanskrit to Kannada

SANSKRIT TO KANNADA - kannadakasturi Koota, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Multimedia Sanskrit to Kannada Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see kannadakasturi

Interactive Devanagari Keyboard

DEVANAGARI KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Devanagari Keyboard (Text & Images).
Devanagari Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

First Year Sanskrit Courses with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

SANSKRIT COURSE (REAL PLAYER) - IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project, Systems Development Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Multimedia First Year Sanskrit Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
First Year Sanskrit Course
"...The series of twelve lessons is aimed at giving the student a reasonably good introduction to the language. The student will be able to frame sentences relating to daily activities in life and thus will gain enough confidence to converse in Sanskrit..."
Examples of First Year Sanskrit Course Lessons include
Lessons 1: The Devanagari Script
"...Short Vowels; Long Vowels; Support Vowels; Generic form of a Consonant;
Gutturals; Palatals; Cerebrals; Dentals; Labials; Consonant Vowel combinations;
Conjunct characters; Writing methods for Conjuncts; etc..."
Lessons 3: Conversation in a Family
"...Early Morning; In the Afternoon; Basic Grammar; Formation of sentences; etc..."
Lesson 6: Creation of the Universe
"...Usha and Mohan; Avyaktam; Creation; The five elements; Grammar; etc..."
Lesson 9: Introduction to the Cases or Declensions of a Noun
"...Nominative case; Accusative case; Instrumental case; Dative case;
Ablative case; Possessive case; Locative case; etc..."

For more information see Learn Sanskrit through self study; Online Resources or the IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project

Intermediate & Advanced Sanskrit Courses

ANCIENT SANSKRIT ONLINE - Authors: Karen Thomson and Jonathan Slocum, Linguistics Research Center (LRC), College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas, Austin, Texas Multimedia Ancient Sanskrit Course (Text & Images).
Ancient Sanskrit
"...By Ancient Sanskrit we mean the oldest known form of Sanskrit. The simple name 'Sanskrit' generally refers to Classical Sanskrit, which is a later, fixed form that follows rules laid down by a grammarian around 400 BC. Like Latin in the Middle Ages, Classical Sanskrit was a scholarly lingua franca which had to be studied and mastered.
Ancient Sanskrit was very different. It was a natural, vernacular language, and has come down to us in a remarkable and extensive body of poetry..."
Ancient Sanskrit Course
Ancient Sanskrit Lessons include
"...Over "50" Ancient Sanskrit Grammar Lessons;
Ancient Sanskrit Reading and Textual Analysis Lessons;
Ancient Sanskrit Master Glossary; Ancient Sanskrit Base Form Dictionary; etc..."
For more information see Tocharian Online Home Page; Early Indo-European Online: IE Language Families; Early Indo-European Online: Introduction to the Language Lessons; Indo-European Languages and Historical Linguistics or the Linguistics Research Center (LRC)

SANSKRIT LANGUAGE COURSES (QUICKTIME) - G. Pradiipaka & A. Muni, Argentina Multimedia First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Sanskrit Courses (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Sanskrit Courses include:
"...History of Sanskrit Language; Sanskrit Alphabet;
Sanskrit Pronunciation; How to write in Sanskrit; Conjuncts; Cardinals;
Aphorisms, Declension of Nouns & Adjectives Ending in Vowels;
Primary & Secondary Affixes; Non-dual Shaivism of Kashmir;
Scriptures, Stories; Phrases; etc..."

Valmiki Ramayana

THE VALMIKI RAMAYANA TRANSLATION PROJECT - Director & General Editor: Robert P. Goldman, & Sally J. Sutherland Goldman: Associate Editor, Department of South & Southeast Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley
The Valmiki Ramayana Translation Project
"...is the first and thus far the only translation of the Valmiki Ramayana to be based on the critically edited text of the poem produced according to scientific principles by the scholars of the Ramayana Department of the Oriental Institute of Baroda. In addition, it is the only translation of this great work in any language to provide a dense and comprehensive scholarly annotation in which,..."
For more information see the Department of South & Southeast Asian Studies

SANTALI

Santali Dictionary

BODDING'S SANTALI DICTIONARY - M. Minegishi, Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Tokyo, Japan Multimedia Santali Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa or the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies

TAMIL

English <> Tamil

"ENGLISH-TAMIL" "TAMIL-ENGLISH" - Sarma's Solutions and Products, India Multimedia English <> Tamil Dictionary (Text & Images).
English <> Tamil Dictionary Transliterations include
"...Roman; Sanskirt; Kannada; Telugu; Bengali; Oriya; Punjabi; Malayalam & Gujarathi..."
For more information see Sarma's Solutions and Products

"ENGLISH-TAMIL" "TAMIL-ENGLISH": TAMIL AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY - Johann Philipp Fabricius; & hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago Multimedia English <> Tamil Dictionary (Text & Images).
English <> Tamil Dictionary
"...includes Tamil and Roman Alphabets..."
For more information see Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the Digital South Asia Library

English to Tamil & English to Sinhala with Audio/Sound

"ENGLISH-TAMIL" AND "ENGLISH-SINHALA" (QUICKTIME, WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - lanka.info, Kapruka, Sri Lanka Multimedia English to Sinhala Dictionary & English to Tamil Dictionary (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
English to Sinhala Dictionary & English to Tamil Dictionary
"...Includes over "28,000" Words with Sinhala Audio Pronunciation & Tamil Audio Pronunciation..."
For more information see Kapruka

Tamil <> Other Languages

"FRENCH-TAMIL" "TAMIL-FRENCH" - Sarma's Solutions and Products, India Multimedia English <> Tamil Dictionary (Text & Images).
French <> Tamil Dictionary Transliterations include
"...Roman; Sanskirt; Kannada; Telugu; Bengali; Oriya; Punjabi; Malayalam & Gujarathi..."
For more information see Sarma's Solutions and Products

English <> Tamil and Other Languages

"ENGLISH-TAMIL, SANSKRIT & PAHLAVI" "TAMIL, SANSKRIT & PAHLAVI-ENGLISH" - The Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon (CDSL), Institut für Indologie und Tamilistik/Institute of Indology and Tamil Studies, Universität zu Köln/University of Cologne, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) Multimedia English <> Tamil Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Institute of Indology and Tamil Studies

Tamil Dictionary

TAMIL MOLI AKARATHI: TAMIL DICTIONARY - Na Kadirvelu Pillai, & hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago Multimedia Tamil Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the Digital South Asia Library

Tamil Script - Aksharas in Tamil

THE TAMIL SCRIPT - STROKING THE AKSHARAS - IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project, Systems Development Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Multimedia Tamil Script Teaching Modules (Text & Images).
Tamil Script Teaching Modules
"...Welcome to this page illustrating the way the Tamil Aksharas are written..."
For more information see Scripts; Online Resources or the IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project

LANGUAGE AND SCRIPTS OF INDIA: TAMIL - IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project, Systems Development Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Multimedia Tamil Script Teaching Modules (Text & Images). For more information see Scripts; Online Resources or the IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project

Interactive Tamil Keyboard

TAMIL KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Tamil Keyboard (Text & Images).
Tamil Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

First & Second Year Tamil Courses with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

TAMIL ONLINE COURSE & VIDEO LESSONS (QUICKTIME) - Project Director and Principal Pedagogist: Vasu Renganathan, South Asia Regional Studies, Penn Language Center, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania Multimedia First & Second Year Tamil Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Tamil
"...is a diglossic language. This means that there is a large disparity between the written form of the language and the spoken form. These differences include grammatical differences, vocabulary differences, and pronunciation differences..."
First & Second Year Tamil Course
Tamil Alphabet Lessons
"...includes Audio Pronunciation for each Letter & How to Write each Letter..."
Tamil Grammar includes "24" Lessons including
"...Noun-Noun sentences; Sandhi rules and using case suffixes; Defective verbs; etc..."
Tamil Words and their Pronunciation includes "6" Lessons
Tamil Video Lessons includes "12" Lessons
For more information see the South Asia Regional Studies or the South Asia Regional Studies

Vocabulary

A CORE VOCABULARY FOR TAMIL - David W. McAlpin, & hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago Multimedia Tamil Vocabulary (Text & Images).
A Core Vocabulary for Tamil
"...includes Tamil and Roman Alphabets..."
For more information see Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the Digital South Asia Library

Intermediate & Advanced Tamil Courses with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

TAMIL ONLINE COURSES (QUICKTIME & REALPLAYER) - V. Renganathan & H.F. Schiffman, South Asia Regional Studies, Penn Language Center, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania Multimedia ntermediate & Advanced Courses (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Intermediate Tamil Lessons include:
"...Writing Exercises based on Reader Lessons;
Folk Tales for Reading Comprehension;
Modern Short Stories for Reading Comprehension; etc..."
Advanced Tamil Lessons include
"...A Grammar of Spoken Tamil by Harold F. Schiffman;
Radio Plays; Tamil Songs & Movie Clips; etc..."
For more information see South Asia Regional Studies

Tamil Literature & Poetry

PROJECT MADURAI - K.Kalyanasundaram & Kumar Mallikarjunan Multimedia Tamil Literary Classics (Text & Images).
Projecu Madurai is
"...an open and voluntary initiative to collect and publish free electronic editions of ancient tamil literary classics..."
For more information see Tamil Nation's Tamil Literature

TELUGU

English <> Telugu

"ENGLISH-TELUGU" "TELUGU-ENGLISH": A TELUGU-ENGLISH DICTIONARY (1991 EDITION) - J.P.L. Gwynn, Oxford University Press & the Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago Multimedia English <> Telugu Dictionary (Text & Images).
English <> Telugu Dictionary
"...includes Telugu and Roman Alphabets..."
For more information see Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or Digital South Asia Library

"ENGLISH-TELUGU" "TELUGU-ENGLISH" - Sahiti.org Multimedia Basic English <> Telugu Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Sahiti.org

Telugu Script - Aksharas in Telugu

LANGUAGE AND SCRIPTS OF INDIA: TELUGU - IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project, Systems Development Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Multimedia Telugu Script Teaching Modules (Text & Images).
Telugu Script Teaching Modules include
"...Vowels; Consonants; Vowel Extensions; etc..."
For more information see Scripts; Online Resources or the IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project

Interactive Telugu Keyboard

TELUGU KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Telugu Keyboard (Text & Images).
Telugu Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

Basic Telugu Teaching Modules

LET'S LEARN TELUGU (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - sirigina.com Multimedia Telugu Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Telugu Lessons include
"...Telugu Alphabets and Their Pronunciation Lessons (Vowels, Consonants, Vowels Combined with Consonants, etc.);
Telugu Vocabulary Lessons (Pronouns, Verbs, Places, Seasons, House Hold Items, etc.);
Telugu Sentence Lessons; Telugu Songs; etc..."
For more information see sirigina.com

First Year Telugu Courses & Teaching Modules

A BASIC COURSE IN MODERN TELUGU (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Author: B. H. Krishnamurthy, Hosted by the L & S Learning Support Services, College of Letters & Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Multimedia Telugu Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Telugu Course Audio Lessons include
"...Verbless Sentences; Forms of Personal Pronouns;
Possessive Pronouns;
Descriptive and Qualitative Adjectives;
The Dative Case, and "Kaawaali";
Nominative of Possessive Forms; etc..."
For more information see the Language Materials or the L & S Learning Support Services

URDU - URDU-HINDI

English <> Urdu

"ENGLISH-URDU" "URDU-ENGLISH" - UrduWord.com Multimedia English <> Urdu Dictionary (Text & Images).

English <> Urdu and Other Languages

"ENGLISH-URDU" "URDU-ENGLISH" AND CLASSICAL HINDI: A DICTIONARY OF URDU, CLASSICAL HINDI, AND ENGLISH - John T. Platts, Oxford University Press & the Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago Multimedia English <> Urdu Dictionary and Other Languages (Text & Images). "...includes Perso-Arabic, Devanagari and Roman Alphabets..." For more information see Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or Digital South Asia Library

Interactive Urdu Keyboard

URDU KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Urdu Keyboard (Text & Images).
Urdu Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Urdu Courses

URDU (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Global Language Online Support System (GLOSS), LingNet, Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC), Monterey, California Multimedia Intermediate Urdu Courses & Advanced Urdu Courses (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Click on "Urdu", then "Proficiency Level" and then Skill/Modality".
All of the GLOSS lessons are categorized into one of three primary competencies:
"...Lexical (Urdu Vocabulary),
Structure (Urdu Grammar),
Discourse (Sevices that Bind Texts, Urdu Conversations, etc.)..."
Intermediate Urdu Lessons (2) includes over "5" Urdu Listening Lessons & Urdu Reading Lessons.
Intermediate Urdu Lessons (2+) includes over "5" Urdu Listening Lessons & Urdu Reading Lessons.
For more information see Global Language Online Support System (GLOSS); LingNet Language Materials Page or LingNet

CLASSICAL URDU POETRY (QUICKTIME) - Learning Resources Center, University Libraries, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Multimedia Classical Urdu Poetry Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Classical Urdu Poetry Course
"...demonstrates the amalgamation of poetry into the ancient musical tradition of the Subcontinent..."
For more information see Digital South-Asia Language Archive; Digital Audio Initiative or the Learning Resources Center

Devanagari Script - Phonetics, Writing Script & Pronunciation of Script with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

Hindi, Marathi, Nepali, Urdu-Hindi, Sanskrit & Prakrit

DEVANAGARI ALPHABET PHONETICS (FLASH) - Hindi Studies Programs, South and West Asia Centre, Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Multimedia Devanagari Alphabet Phonetics - Devanagari Alphabet Pronunciation Exercises (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Devanagari Alphabet Phonetics - Devanagari Alphabet Pronunciation Exercises Teaching Modules include
Click on one of the Lessons and Watch and Listen how each letter within the Lesson is pronunced.
"...Velar Consonants Lessons; Palatal Consonants Lessons; Retrofles Consonants Lessons;
Dental Consonants Lessons; Labial Consonants Lessons..."

Online Course Material - HIND1002- Introductory Hindi A; Welcome to Hindi Language Studies; Hindi Studies Programs; South and West Asia Centre; Faculty of Asian Studies or the Australian National University

LEARING DEVANAGARI SCRIPT - HINDI SCRIPT TUTOR (FLASH) - Avashy Multimedia Devanagari Script Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
This Devanagari Program
"...is designed to help beginners of Hindi quickly familiarise themselves with the script..."
Devanagari script
"...is used for Hindi, Marathi, Nepali, and the ancient languages Sanskrit & Prakrit..."
Devanagari Script Teaching Modules include
"...Interactive Video Stroking Techniques (Writing Script) for each Consonsant, Vowel & Conjunt..."
"...Audio Pronunciation for each Consonsant, Vowel & Conjunt..."
"...Audio Pronunciation for each Consonsant, Vowel & Conjunt within a work & used in a Sentence..."
"...Alternative Forms & Alternative Older Forms..."
"...Extras (Dotted Consonsants, Nasal Vowels & Numbers)..."
For more information see Avashy

THE DEVANAGARI ALPHABET (FLASH) - Hindi Studies Programs, South and West Asia Centre, Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Multimedia Devanagari Alphabet Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
The Devanagari letters
"...are formed using strokes in a particular direction and order. For legible Hindi handwriting these steps should be carefully followed..."
Devanagari Alphabet Teaching Modules include
Interactive Video Stroking Techniques (Writing Script) & Audio Pronunciation for
"...Vowels; Velar Consonants; Palatal Consonants; Retrofles Consonants;
Dental Consonants; Labial Consonants; Semi-vowels & Sibilants..."

For more information see Online Course Material - HIND1002- Introductory Hindi A; Introductory Hindi A; Welcome to Hindi Language Studies; Hindi Studies Programs; South and West Asia Centre; Faculty of Asian Studies or the Australian National University

HINDI ALPHABET (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIAPLAYER) - J. Shankar (South Asia Center) & T.K. Bhatia ( Languages, Literatures and Linguistics), Hindi/Urdu conversation lessons on the Web, Syracuse University Multimedia Hindi Alphabet Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Hindi Alphabet Teaching Modules include
Interactive Video Stroking Techniques (Writing Script) & Audio Pronunciation for
Vowels;
Consonants
"...k-Group Velars; ch-Group Pre-palatals; T-Group Retroflexes; t-Group Dentals;
p-Group Labials; y-Group Semivowels; sh-Group Sibilants; Flaps;
Sanskrit Letters; Persian Letters & Conjuncts..."

For more information see Basic Hindi; Hindi/Urdu conversation lessons on the Web or Jishnu Shankar's Home Page

AKSHARAS IN DEVANAGARI - WRITING SCRIPT IN DEVANAGARI (JAVA APPLET & REALPLAYER) - IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project, Systems Development Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Multimedia Devanagari Script Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Devanagari Script Teaching Modules include:
"...Pronunciation of Script & Stroking the Akshara (writing script)..."
For more information see Scripts Handled by the IITM Software; Online Resources provided at Acharya or IIT Madras Multilingual Systems Project

LANGUAGES OF NORTH-EASTERN INDIA

Languages of North-Eastern India

HIERARCHY OF NORTH-EASTERN LANGUAGES - The Resource Centre for Indian Language Technology Solutions, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India Multimedia Languages of North-Eastern India Language Modules (Text & Images).
Languages of North-Eastern India Language Modules include Geographical Location, Number of Speakers, Phonemic Inventory, Grammar, etc. for over 45 Languages including
"...Angami, Chakesang, Chokri, Zeliang,
Ao, Boro, Dimasa, Garo, Miji, Phom, Tangsa,
Karbi, Kuki, Riang, Apatani, Bori,
Khamti, Phakial, Khasi, etc..."
For more information see Resource Centre for Indian Language Technology Solutions or the Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati

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