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US/Pacific: Thursday, November 20, 2008 Sydney, Australia: Friday, November 21, 2008 File Download Time Calculator Author, E-Mail, Privacy Policy & Disclaimer Currently the Calculators On-Line Center contains over "23,605" Calculators & Spreadsheets, over "3,460" Courses, Lectures, Manuals, Handbooks, & "1,000's" of Movies, Videos, Simulations & Animations

GEOSCIENCE (Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc.) Geoscience Journals Geology Time Scales, Chronological Methods & Geochronology Geology, Physical Geology, Structural Geology, Petrology, Sedimentary Geology, Stratigraphy, Geodynamics, Marine Geology, Coastal Geology, etc. Ecology, Ecosystems, Population Ecology, Population Genetics Fresh Water Fish Habitats ~ Geography & Topography ~ Geomagnetic Geochemistry ~ Geophysics ~ Geomorphology Geothermics, Geothermobarometry, Mineral Thermobarometry Glaciology, Glacial Geology, Quaternary Geology, Ice, Snow, Glaciers, Icebergs Landslides ~ Magnetics ~ Mineralogy Marine Biology ~ Oceanography & Marine Geochemistry Plate Tectonics ~ Seismology ~ Tephrochronology ~ Tsunami ~ Volcanology Water Pollution ~ Water Quality ~ Water Runoff Archaeology, Anthropology, Palaeoichnology, Paleobotany, Paleoclimatology, Paleoceanography, Paleontology (Fossils, Dinosaurs, etc.) Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Atmospheric Chemistry Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Climatology, Meteorology, Weather Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Geotechnical Eng. & Geo-Engineering Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Hydrology, Hydaulics, Geohydrology, Reservoir Engineering Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Petroleum & Geosystems Engineering Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Soil Science, Soil Chemistry, Soil Biology Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Water Chemistry, Water Drainage, Erosion, ET & pET, Ground Water, Water Runoff, Watershed, etc. Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Chemicals, Biochemicals, Geochemicals Databases Calculators On-Line Center

Geoscience Journals JOURNALS Geochemistry Journals & Geophysics Journals GEOCHEMISTRY, GEOPHYSICS, GEOSYSTEMS (G3) - Published jointly by the American Geophysical Union & the Geochemical Society Multimedia Geochemistry & Geophysics Journal (Text & Images). For more information see American Geophysical Union or the Geochemical Society Geology Journals GEOLOGY - The Geological Society of America Multimedia Geology Journals (Text & Images). For more information see Geological Society of America Publications or The Geological Society of America JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY - The Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP) and published by The University of Chicago Press Multimedia Geology Journal (Text & Images). For more information see The University of Chicago Press or the The Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP) Geological Materials Journals GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH - Mineralogical Society of America Multimedia Geological Materials Journal (Text & Images). For more information see the Mineralogical Society of America Geophysical Journals & Geophysics Journals AGU ONLINE JOURNALS - American Geophysical Union (AGU) Multimedia Geophysical Journals (Text & Images). For more information see American Geophysical Union (AGU) Examples include Geophysical Research Letters Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Electronic Supplement ASTRONOMY & GEOPHYSICS - Royal Astronomical Society; Published by Blackwell Science and Munksgaard Multimedia Astronomy & Geophysics Journal (Text & Images). For more information see Royal Astronomical Society EARTH INTERACTIONS - Published jointly by the American Geophysical Union, Association of American Geographers, American Meteorological Society, NASA's Mission to Planet Earth and Goddard DAAC For more information see American Geophysical Union; Association of American Geographers or the American Meteorological Society Oceanography, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Journals AMS JOURNALS ONLINE - American Meteorological Society Multimedia Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Journals (Text & Images). AMS Journals include: "...Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; Journal of Applied Meteorology; Journal of Physical Oceanography; Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Weather and Forecasting; Journal of Climate; Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society..." For more information see Publications or the American Meteorological Society Mineralogy Journals AMERICAN MINERALOGIST - Mineralogical Society of America Multimedia Mineralogy Journal (Text & Images). For more information see the Mineralogical Society of America Petrology Journals JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY - Oxford University Press Multimedia Petrology Journal (Text & Images). For more information see Oxford Journals Radiocarbon Journals RADIOCARBON - Publisher: Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona Multimedia Radiocarbon Journal (Text & Images). Water Journals WATER-RESOURCES CIRCULARS, REPORTS, ETC. - USGS For more information see Water Resources of the United States

Geology Time Scales,
Chronological Methods & Geochronology

Geologic Time Scales ~ Geochronology Methods Chronological Methods Courses, Lectures, etc. By Dating Method Amino Acid Geochronology Archaeomagnetic Dating ~ Atom Trap Trace Analysis ~ Dendrochronology Geomagetic Polarity Time Scale Dating ~ Luminescence Dating Oxygen Isotope Analysis ~ Radiocarbon Dating

Geology Time Scales, Chronological Methods & Geochronology GEOLOGIC TIME SCALES GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE - International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) Multimedia Geologic Time Scale Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Geologic Time "...This multi-year project summarized the history and status of boundary definitions of all geologic stages, compiled integrated stratigraphy (biologic, chemical, sea-level, magnetic, etc.) for each period, and assembled a numerical age scale from an array of astronomical tuning and radiometric ages..." For more information see the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE (544 MILLION YEARS AGO TO PRESENT) - Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Geologic Time Scale Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Geologic Time Scale "...Ages and names used here are based on U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3015, "Divisions of Geologic Time - Major Chronostratigraphic and Geochronologic Units", March 2007, ages have been rounded, see publication for precise timeframe. The Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic Eras are part of the Phanerozoic Eon, a column not depicted in this table..." For more information see Glossary of Hazards, Features, Phenomena, Processes, Events, Topics, & Terminology or the Cascades Volcano Observatory GEOLOGICAL TIME MACHINE (544 MILLION YEARS AGO TO PRESENT) - University of California, Berkeley Multimedia Geologic Time Scale Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the University of California Museum of Paleontology or Museum Informatics Projects GEOCHRONOLOGY METHODS COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. GEOCHRONOLOGY - Central Division, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Geochronology Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Geochronology Teaching Modules "...A wide variety of geochronological tools or methods can be employed to estimate quantitative and qualitative dating of rocks and sediments..." "...Each Geochronology Teaching Modules includes Technique & Equipment..." Examples of "Geochronology" Teaching Modules include "...U-Th-Pb System; Rb-Sr System; Sm-Nd System; Lu-Hf System; Argon 40/39; Tephrochronology; Pb 210; Fission Tracks; Carbon 14; Thermoluminescence; 3He/4He; He/Ne; Berlyllium 10; etc..." For more information see Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Tracer Studies; Scientific Capabilities or the Central Division, USGS Some examples include U-Pb System Techniques Fission Tracks Technique Thermoluminescence Technique CHRONOLOGICAL METHODS COURSES, LECTURES, TEACHING MODULES, ETC. CHRONOLOGICAL METHODS (QUICKTIME) - G.H. Michaels & B.M. Fagan, ArchServe, University of California at Santa Barbara Multimedia Chronological Methods Course (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Chronological Methods "...is designed to introduce you to basic techniques used in determining the age of archaeological materials and sites. There are two general categories of methods for dating in archaeology. One is Relative Dating, and the other is Absolute Dating. In general, archaeologists use both methods in conjunction..." For more information see Anthropology 3 or ArchServe Some examples of Chronological Methods Teaching Modules with Videos/Movies include Cross-Dating Potassium-Argon Dating Radiocarbon Dating Obsidian Hydration Dating THE RECORD OF TIME: CHRONOMETRIC DATING TECHNIQUES - D. O'Neil, Anthropology, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Palomar College Multimedia Chronometric Dating Techniques Teaching Modules (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Chronometric Dating Techniques Teaching Modules include: "...Dendrochronology; Amino Acid Racemization Dating; Paleomagnetic Dating (paleomagnetic dating; geomagnetic reversal time scale dating; geomagnetic polarity time scale dating; archaeomagnetic dating); Radiocarbon Dating; Potassium-Argon Dating; Fission Track Dating; Thermoluminescence Dating; Electron Spin Resonance Dating; etc..." For more information see Anthropology Tutorials or the Anthropology Home Page DATING TECHNIQUES - MSU EMuseum, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Minnesota Multimedia Dating Techniques Teaching Modules (Text, Images & Applets). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Geological Dating Calculators & Teaching Modules include: Relative Dating Techniques "...Cation Ratio; Cultural Affiliation; Fluorine Dating; Obsidian Hydration; Patination; Pollen Analysis, etc..." Absolute Dating Techniques "...Archaeomagnetic; Dendrochronology; Electron Spin Resonance; Fission Track; Optically Stimulated Luminescence, etc..." For more information see Archaeology Exhibits or the MSU EMuseum

AMINO ACID GEOCHRONOLOGY AMINO ACID GEOCHRONOLOGY (AMINO ACID RACEMIZATION) - Amino Acid Geochronology Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Multimedia Amino Acid Geochronology Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Amino Acid Geochronology "...is a relative, and sometimes absolute, dating method that relates the diagenesis of fossil protein preserved in carbonate materials with time (geologic age of the sample) and temperature (long term chemical temperature of the enclosing sediment). Stratigraphic applications of the method have been demonstrated from both marine and non-marine sequences all over the world using a variety of carbonate fossil materials including..." For more information see the Amino Acid Geochronology Laboratory ARCHAEOMAGNETIC DATING ARCHAEOMAGNETIC DATING - Illinois State Museum Multimedia Archaeomagnetic Dating Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Archaeomagnetism "...refers to the application of paleomagnetic methods and theory to archaeological problems. Usually, the term refers to archaeomagnetic dating..." Archaeomagnetic Dating Teaching Modules include "...Archaeomagnetic Dating Overview Geomagnetic Principles; Archaeomagnetic Sample Collecting; Secular Variation Curves; etc..." ATOM TRAP TRACE ANALYSIS (ATTA) ATOM TRAP TRACE ANALYSIS (ATTA) - Medium Energy Physics Group, APhysics Division, Argonne National Laboratory Multimedia Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) "...is based on techniques of laser manipulation of neutral atoms..." "...trace analyses of long-lived cosmogenic isotopes..." For more information see Medium Energy Physics Group; ANL Physics Division or the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) DENDROCHRONOLOGY CROSSDATING TREE RINGS USING SKELETON PLOTTING (JAVA APPLET) - P. Sheppard, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Crossdating Tree Rings Calculator "...teaches you the basic technique of crossdating using the "skeleton plot" method..." For more information see Crossdating Tree Rings Using Skeleton Plotting Instructions or the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY TIME SCALE GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY TIME SCALE (GPTS) - Schlumberger Limited Multimedia Geomagetic Polarity Time Scale Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS) "...By accurate age-dating of rocks that show reversals in magnetic polarity, geologists have compiled a partial geologic time scale of the sequence and duration of reversals of the Earth's magnetic polarity..." For more information see the Oilfield Glossary; Oilfield Resources; Products & Services or Schlumberger Limited LUMINESCENCE DATING LUMINESCENCE DATING - Aberystwyth Luminescence Research Laboratory, Quaternary Research Group, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Wales, Aberstwyth Multimedia Luminescence Dating Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Aberystwyth Luminescence Research Laboratory; Quaternary Research Group or the Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences OXYGEN ISOTOPE ANALYSIS OXYGEN ISOTOPE ANALYSIS - Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin Multimedia Oxygen Isotope Analysis Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Oxygen Isotope Analysis "...New techniques for oxygen isotope analysis have lead to the first studies of oxygen isotope geochemistry of zircons (1,2). Zircon is shown to be highly retentive of oxygen isotope ratios, preserving the best record of igneous composition even in samples that have enjoyed high grade metamorphism or hydrothermal alteration..." For more information see the Department of Geology and Geophysics RADIOCARBON DATING Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY (AMS): PRINCIPLES OF RADIOCARBON DATING - Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Arizona VERY EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Radiocarbon Measurements Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Radiocarbon Dating "...is well known for its use in age dating of many kinds of materials. The method is applicable to almost any carbonaceous material which formed in the last 50,000 years..." For more information see Accelerator Mass Spectrometry or the Department of Physics CALIB Radiocarbon Calibration CALIB RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION (JAVA APPLET) - M. Stuiver, P.J. Reimer & R. Reimer, CALIB 14C Calibration Program, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Ireland VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. CALIB Radiocarbon Calibration "...makes the conversion from radiocarbon age to calibrated calendar years by calculating the probability distribution of the sample's true age. Graphics and a variety of options are available through the program's menus..." Calib Radiocarbon Calibration INPUT Values include: "...Radiocarbon Age; Standard Deviation; Delta R; Uncertainty in Delta R; Sample Counter; Lab Error Multiplier; Curve Smoothing in Years; etc..." For more information see the CALIB 14C Calibration Program For "Reservoir Correction for Marine Samples" see Marine Reservoir Correction Database Marine Reservoir Correction Database "...Organisms from marine (and lacustrine environments) have been exposed to different levels of 14C than their counterparts in the atmosphere..." Radiocarbon Dating Laboratories BETA ANALYTIC RADIOCARBON DATING LABORATORY - Beta Analytic, Inc. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.

Geology, Physical Geology, Structural Geology,
Petrology, Sedimentary Geology, Stratigraphy,
Geodynamics, Marine Geology, Coastal Geology, etc.

Dictionaries & Glossaries Geology Atlases & Geology Databases ~ Geology Field Trips Basic Geology Teaching Modules Physical Geology & Earth's Interior Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Structural Geology Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Petrology Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Sedimentary Geology Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Stratigraphy Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Geodynamics Courses & Lectures Marine Geology Courses & Lectures Coastal Geology Courses & Lectures Electron Microprobe Techniques Courses & Lectures Plate Tectonics

Geology, Structural Geology & Petrology GEOLOGY DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES DICTIONARY OF GEOLOGIC TERMS- J. Fausnaugh, geotech.org Multimedia Dictionary of Geologic Terms (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Geotech.org GEOLOGY GLOSSARY - Cengage Learning, Inc. Multimedia Geology Glossary (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Cengage Learning GLOSSARY OF GEOLOGIC TERMS - Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University Multimedia Glossary of Geologic Terms (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences PHYSICAL ENVIROMENT GLOSSARY - M. Ritter, Department of Geography & Geology, University of Wisconson, Steven Points, Wisconson Multimedia Physical Environment Glossary (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Michael Ritter's Home Page or the Department of Geography & Geology SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY TERMINOLOGY - USC Sequence Stratigraphy Web, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of South Carolina Multimedia Sequence Stratigraphy Terminology Glossary (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see USC Sequence Stratigraphy Courses & Lectures; USC Sequence Stratigraphy Web or the Department of Geological Sciences GEOLOGY DATABASES & GEOLOGY ATLASES PERIODIC TABLE: GERM PARTITION COEFFICIENT (KD) DATABASE - KD'S OF ROCKS AND MINERALS - A. Koppers (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) & Roger Nielsen (Oregon State University), & Hosted by EarthRef.org VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GERM Partition Coefficient (Kd) Database "...contains partition coefficient data for all types of rocks and minerals and for every element. All search results are sortable and may be downloaded in the format of your choice. Both experimental and empirical data are included in this extensive compilation..." For more information see Geochemical Earth Reference Model (GERM); EarthRef.org or Scripps Institution of Oceanography GEO-DATA EXPLORER - Geology Division, United States Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Geology Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geo-Data Explorer (GEODE) "...allows the user to retrieve, display, and manipulate multiple types of information, such as satellite images, geologic maps, graphics, live camera feed, three-dimensional images, and spreadsheet data..." For more information see Geology Divisions or the United States Geological Survey GEOLEX: SEARCH TOOL FOR THE LITHOLOGIC AND GEOCHRONOLOGIC UNIT NAMES - National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geolex Database "...contains 16,072 entries. 75% of the unit names from the USGS Geologic Names Committee (GNC) card catalog have been entered in the database. Several thousand unit names remain to be checked and entered..." For more information see National Geologic Map Database; National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program or the Central Division, USGS NATIONAL GEOLOGIC MAP CATALOG - National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see National Geologic Map Database; National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program or the Central Division, USGS PETROLOGICAL DATABASE OF THE OCEAN FLOOR (PETDB) - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University Multimedia Petrological Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor "...archives and serves analytical data for whole rocks, glasses, minerals, melt inclusions, with emphasis on basalts and abyssal peridotites. PetDB contains major, trace-element, and isotope ratios for samples from mid-ocean ridge basalts, back-arc basins, young near-ridge seamounts, and old oceanic crust..." For more information see Resources or the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) ROCK CORE AND CUTTINGS DATABASE - Core Research Center, United States Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Core Research Center; Geologic Division, Central Region or the United States Geological Survey GEOLOGY FIELD TRIPS GEOLOGY VIRTUAL FIELD TRIPS: EUROPE (QUICKTIME) - R. Zühlke, Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Ruprecht-Karl-University Heidelberg Multimedia Geology Field Trips (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Rainer Zühlke's Home Page or the Institute of Geology and Paleontology GEOLOGY FIELD TRIPS: U.K. - I. West, Department of Geology, University of Southampton, U.K. Multimedia Geology Field Trips (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see West's Geology Directory VITURAL AND ONLINE GEOLOGY FIELD TRIP GUIDES: U.S. & CANADA - The Walter Geology Library, University of Texas, Austin, Texas Multimedia Water Geology Field Trips (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see The Walter Geology Library BASIC GEOLOGY TEACHING MODULES Aggregate - Rock NATURAL AGGREGATE: A PRIMER - W. Langer, Mineral Resources Program, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Natural Aggregate Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Natural Aggregate Resources; Research Activities or Mineral Resources Program, USGS QUARRY TOUR (QUICKTIME) - Graniterock, Watsonville, CA Multimedia Quarry Tour of Granitedrock's Operations (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Graniterock THE ROCK CYCLE - Department of Earth & Ocean Science, University of British Columbia, Canada Multimedia Rock Cycle Teaching Modules (Text & Images). Rock Cycle "...depicts the interrelationships between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks..." For more information see EOSC 221; Courses or the Department of Earth & Ocean Science Geology of Radon RADON: THE GEOLOGY OF - J.K. Otton, L.C.S. Gundersen, and R.R. Schumann, Radon in Earth, Air and Water, United States Geological Survey Multimedia Geology of Radon Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. The Geology of Radon "...These pages present important geological information about radon; how it forms, the kinds of rocks and soils it comes from..." Geology of Radon Teaching Modules include "...What is Radon?; The Geology of Radon (Uranium: The source, Radon Formation, Radon movement, etc); Radon Potential (Sources of information on radon potential, Radioactivity maps, etc.); etc..." For more information see Radon; Energy Research and News or the United States Geological Survey

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY & EARTH'S INTERIOR COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. PHYSICAL GEOLOGY - S.A. Nelson, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Tulane Univesity Multimedia Physical Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Physical Geology" Course Lectures include "...Minerals; Igneous Rocks & Volcanoes; Weathering & Soils; Sedimentary Rocks; Metamorphic Rocks; Deformation of Rock; Mass Wasting; Streams; Groundwater; Wind Action; etc..." For more information see Stephen A. Nelson's Home Page or the Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences EARTH'S INTERIOR - S. Stein, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University Multimedia Earth's Interior Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Earth's Interior" Course Lectures include "...Size, mass, & density of the Earth; Seismic waves; Minerals; Composition of the crust, mantle, and core; Origin of the elements and formation of the solar system; Meteorites, formation of the planets; Thermal evolution of planets; Continental drift and paleomagnetism; Earthquakes and plate tectonics; Plate boundaries and kinematics; etc..." For more information see Seth Stein's Home Page or the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY - Stephen J. Martel, Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii Multimedia Structural Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Structural Geology" Course Lectures include "...Orthographic Projections; Stereonets; Coordinate Transformations; Finite Strain; Infinitesimal Strain; Stress; Rheology; Holes; Faults; Folds; Joints & Fractures; etc..." For more information see Stephen J. Martel's Home Page or the Department of Geology and Geophysics ARIZONA GEOLOGY - S.J. Reynolds, School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University Multimedia Geology Atlaes, Databases & Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Arizona Geology "...contains numerous color photographs, 3D perspectives, and information about the Geology of Arizona, Landscapes of the Southwest, structural geology..." For more information see Stephen J. Reynolds: Arizona Geology or the School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) Examples from over "15" Databases & Teaching Modules include Structure Map 3D Gallerys Painted Canyon Geologic Scenery Images: Deposition of Layers and Erosion into a Canyon How to Observe Landscapes DIGITAL GEOLOGY OF IDAHO - Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University Multimedia Digital Geology of Idaho (Text, Images, Simulations, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Digital Geology of Idaho" Subject Categories include "...Idaho Basement Rock; Belt Supergroup; Rifting and The Passive Margin; Accreted Terranes; Thrust Belt; Geology of Northern Idaho and The Silver Valley; Basin & Range Province - Tertiary Extension; Pleistocene Glaciation; Watershed Fly-Throughs; etc..." For more information see the Department of Geosciences GEOLOGY OF THE NATIONAL PARKS - Western Region Geologic Information, USGS Multimedia Geology of the National Parks (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geology of the National Parks Databases include "...3D Image Galleries; Standard Images; Park Stratigraphy; etc..." For more information see Geology of the National Parks or the Western Region Geologic Information INTERACTIVE 3D GEOLOGIC BLOCKS (QUICKTIME) - Stephen J. Reynolds and Debra E. Leedy, School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University Multimedia 3D Geology Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Animations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Interactive 3D Geologic Blocks "...The purpose of this module is to guide you through various animations and interactive movies in order to help you learn the three-dimensional nature of geology..." For more information see Stephen J. Reynolds: Arizona Geology or the School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) 3D GEOLOGIC MAPS - S.J. Reynolds, School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University Multimedia 3D Geologic Map Gallery (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. 3D Geologic Map Gallery "...contains 3D geologic maps, created by draping color geologic maps over digital topography. The site features QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) object movies where the user can spin the 3D geologic map..." For more information see Stephen J. Reynolds: Arizona Geology or the School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) STRUCTURE MAP 3D GALLERY (QUICKTIME) - S.J. Reynolds, School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University Multimedia (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Structure Map 3D Gallery "...contains 3D perspectives of geologic features on digital topography. Most images are QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) object movies, where you can spin the 3D terrain to view it from different perspectives..." For more information see Structure Map 3D Home Page; Stephen J. Reynolds: Arizona Geology or the School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) THE GALLERY OF VIRTUAL TOPOGRAPHY - S.J. Reynolds, School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University Multimedia Gallery of Virtual Topography (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Gallery of Virtual Topography "...features virtual depictions of topography, including 3D perspectives and QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) movies, created from Digital Elevation Models (DEM's)..." For more information see Gallery of Virtual Topography Home Page; Stephen J. Reynolds: Arizona Geology or the School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) THE GRAND STAIRCASE: THE GRAND CANYON - R. Blakey, Department of Geology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona Multimedia Geology Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Grand Staircase: The Grand Canyon include "...Geologic History, General Sections, Detailed Stratigraphic Columns and Panels, Outcrop Photos..." For more information see the Ron Blakey's Home Page or the Department of Geology PETROLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. PETROLOGY - S.A. Nelson, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Tulane Univesity Multimedia Petrology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Petrology" Course Lectures include "... Textures and Structures of Igneous Rocks; General Classification of Igneous Rocks; The Interior of Earth and Formation of Magmas; Magmatic Differentiation; Metamorphic Mineral Assemblages; Thermodynamics and Metamorphic Mineral Assemblages; Metamorphic Reactions; etc..." For more information see Stephen A. Nelson's Home Page or the Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences INTRODUCTION TO PETROLOGY - Department of Earth & Ocean Science, University of British Columbia, Canada Multimedia Petrology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Introduction to Petrology "...the study of the origin and genesis of rocks; through description, analysis, classification, modes of occurrence, and theories of origin. It a multidisciplinary field that incorporates knowledge of chemistry, physics, mathematics, geophysics, structural geology, and geochemistry..." For more information see Courses or the Department of Earth & Ocean Science CARBONATE PETROLOGY - USC Sequence Stratigraphy Web, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of South Carolina Multimedia Carbonate Petrology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Carbonate Petrology "...Introduction to carbonate petrology with discussions of classifications, facies, sequences, hydrocabon plays, photomicrographs, and exercises related to thin sections of carbonate rocks, etc..." "...provides access to photomicrographs and a series of exercises related to over 240 different thin sections of carbonate rocks. Some 1,700 images were captured, and as a result some thin sections have over ten images associated with them..." Examples of Carbonate Petrology Lectures include "...Classification of Carbonates; Diagensis and Porosity of Carbonates; Diagrams that track Carbonate Diagenesis; Depostitional Setting and Geometry of Carbonate Facies; Photomicrographs and diagrams that view Carbonate Particles; Galleries of Carbonate Porosity; Evolution of Carbonate Sequences; etc..." For more information see USC Sequence Stratigraphy Courses & Lectures; USC Sequence Stratigraphy Web or the Department of Geological Sciences METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY - Bradley R. Hacker, Department of Earth Sciences & the Institute for Crustal Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) Multimedia Metamorphic Petrology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Metamorphic Petrology" Course Lectures include "...Introduction to Metamorphism; Physical Processes of Metamorphism; Ultramafic Rocks; Mafic Rocks; Pelitic Rocks; Diffusion; Interaction Between Metamorphism and Deformation; Metamorphism and Tectonics; etc..." For more information see Bradley R. Hacker's Home Page or the Department of Earth Sciences PETROLOGICAL DATABASE OF THE OCEAN FLOOR (PETDB) - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University Multimedia Petrological Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor "...archives and serves analytical data for whole rocks, glasses, minerals, melt inclusions, with emphasis on basalts and abyssal peridotites. PetDB contains major, trace-element, and isotope ratios for samples from mid-ocean ridge basalts, back-arc basins, young near-ridge seamounts, and old oceanic crust..." For more information see Resources or the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY BEDFORM SEDIMENTOLOGY (QUICKTIME) - Authros: D.M. Rubin, C.L. Carter, G.V. Middleton, R.E. Plotnick, and hosted by the Western Region Coastal and Marine Geology, USGS Multimedia Bedform Sedimentology Technical Manual (Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Bedform Sedimentology Technical Manual" Subject Categories include Bedforms and Cross-Bedding in Animations (includes Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound) Table of Contents which include over "70" Animations & Movies includes "...Bedform Classes Animations & Movies; Bedform Experiments Animations & Movies; etc..." Forecasting Techniques, Underlying Physics, and Applications includes "...Techniques; Complication of Unsteady Forcing; Examples; etc..." Software available for download. For more information see the Topics or the Western Region Coastal and Marine Geology SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY - John Southard, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, & the MIT OpenCourseWare, MIT Multimedia Sedimentary Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Sedimentary Geology" Course Lectures include "...The Nature, Description, and Classification of Sediments; Physics of Sedimentation; Sedimentary Structures; Siliciclastic Rocks; Carbonate Sediments and Rocks; Cherts and Evaporites; Diagenesis; Paleontology; Depositional Environments; Stratigraphy; Sedimentary Basins; etc..." For more information see Sedimentary Geology Course Home Page; Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences or the MIT OpenCourseWare STRATIGRAPHY SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY COURSES & DATABASES - USC Sequence Stratigraphy Web, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of South Carolina Multimeida Sequence Stratigraphy Courses & Databases (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Stratigraphy "...is the study of the layered character of sedimentary rocks. Geologists use a variety of strategies to interpret the origin of these rocks and predict the extent of their lithofacies and rock character..." Examples of "Stratigraphy" Courses, Lecctures, etc. "...Introduction to Sequence Stratigraphy; Sedimentary Depositional Systems; Sequence Stratigraphy Movies, Animations, & Image Gallery; Sequence Stratigraphy Terminology; Carbonates; Deepwater Systems; Depositional Analogues; etc..." For more information see USC Sequence Stratigraphy Web or the Department of Geological Sciences GEODYNAMICS GEODYNAMICS - David Sandwell, Satellite Geodesy, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego Multimedia Geodynamics Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geodynamics" Course Lectures include "...Lithospheric Dynamics; Global Tectonic Observations; Radial Earth Structure; Marine Magnetic Anomalies; Cooling of the Oceanic Lithosphere; Isostasy and Crustal Thickness; Flexure Theory; Reference Gravity; Gravity Anomalies; etc..." For more information see David T. Sandwell's Home Page or Satellite Geodesy MARINE GEOLOGY MARINE GEOLOGY - H.N. Edmonds, Marine Science Institute, University of Texas Multimedia Marine Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Marine Geology" Course Lectures include Major Features of the Ocean Basins; Methods used in Marine Geology and Geophysics; Plate Tectonics; Mid-Ocean Ridges & the Oceanic Crust; Hydrothermal Vents; Coastal Processes; Continental Margins; Ocean Circulation; Sediment Chronology; Paleoclimate and Paleoceanography; etc..." For more information see Henrietta N. Edmonds" Home Page or the Marine Science Institute COASTAL GEOLOGY COASTAL GEOLOGY - C.H. Fletcher III, Coastal Geology Group, Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii Multimedia Coastal Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Coastal Geology" Lectures include "...Isotopic Stages; Modern Sea Level Rise; Coastal Classification; Quaternary Dating Methods; Coastal Processes and Landforms; Barrier Islands; Holocene Sea Level Rise; Hawaii Reefs; Coastal Erosion; etc..." For more information see the Coastal Geology Course Home Page; C. H. (Chip) Fletcher III's Home Page; Coastal Geology Group or the Department of Geology and Geophysics ELECTRON MICROPROBE TECHNIQUES ELECTRON MICROPROBE TECHNIQUES: GEOLOGY 510 - J.H. Wittke, Electron Microprobe Laboratory, Department of Geology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona Multimedia Elecron Microprobe Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Elecron Microprobe Course Chapters include: "...Electron Interaction with Matter; X-raysl Primary Absorption & Secondary Fluorescence; Electron Column; Imaging Systems; Sample Stage & EMP Samples; Vacuum System; etc..." For more information see the Electron Microprobe Laboratory; James H. Wittke's Home Page or the Department of Geology

Ecology, Ecosystems, Population Ecology CHEMICAL ECOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF INSECTS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS FOR ENTOMOLOGY (INSECTS & PESTS) DATABASES, COURSES, VIDEOS, ETC. SEE THE ENTOMOLOGY, MYCOLOGY, LICHENS, PROTIST CENTER CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF INSECTS: JAVA APPLETS - J.A. Byers, Pest Management & Biocontrol Research Unit, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture Research Center, USDA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Also available is Free Scientific Sofware Developed by Byers including "...Spatial Distribution and Territoriality Software; Biology, Taxonomy and Systematics Software; Simulation of Animal Behavior/Chemical Ecology Software including Insects Searching for Mates; Trapping of Insects; Bark Beetle Dispersal in Forests; Predicting Mean Dispersal Distance of Population; etc. For more information see Chemical Ecology of Insects; John A. Byers Home Page or the Pest Management & Biocontrol Research Unit Some examples from over "30" Chemical Ecology of Insects Calculators & Applets include Effective Attraction Radius (EAR) Calculator & Simulation Effective Attraction Radius Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number minutes trapping; Number caught on passive trap; Number caught on pheromone trap; Radius of passive trap; Estimated trap interception percentage of all flight levels; Estimated average insect speed..." Tomicus Mate Finding Calculator Tomicus Mate Finding Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number of Minutes; Turn Angle; Number of Insect Pairs; Female Radius; etc..." Statistics: Polynomial Regression Analysis (Outliers) Calculator CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF INSECTS: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND SIMULATION CALCULATORS - J.A. Byers, Pest Management & Biocontrol Research Unit, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture Research Center, USDA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Chemical Ecology of Insects; John A. Byers Home Page or the Pest Management & Biocontrol Research Unit Some examples from over "16" Experimental Design and Sampling Calculators include Simple Treatment/Position Randomization with No Repeats between Replicates Simple Treatment/Position Randomization Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number of Treatments; Number of Replications..." Randomized Uniform Sampling of Time or Distance Randomized Uniform Sampling of Time or Distance Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Select Time Samples or Distance Samples; Total Time or Distance Units; Sample Length in Units; etc..." Host plant finding by N searchers Host plant finding by N searchers Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number animals..." ECOSYSTEMS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ECOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ECOSYSTEMS & ECOLOGY (JAVA APPLETS) - G. Booth VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Ecosystems & Ecology Simulations include "...Individual-Based Ecosystem Simulators (Gecko); Lovelock's DaisyWorld & the Gaia Hypothesis; The Mathematics of Ecology; etc..." For more information see Ginger Booth's Home Page Includes over "15" Ecosystems & Ecology Calculators & Applets Ecology Simulators Ecosystem Simulators POPULATION ECOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS POPULATION GENETICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS POPULATION DYNAMICS MODELS (JAVA APPLET) - Kim van der Linde, Animal Ecology, Department of Biology, Leiden University, The Netherlands VERY EXTENSIVE. Available in English & Swedish/Svenska. Population Dynamics Model Calculators include: "...Verhulst Model Calculator; Lotka-Volterra Model Calculator; Nicholson-Bailey Model Calculator; ITER Model Calculator; etc..." For more information see Kim van der Linde's Home Page or the Department of Biology POPULATION GENETICS - K. Christensen, Department of Animal and Veterinary Basic Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Multimedia Population Genetics Course & Calculators (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Population Genetics "...efforts have been made to adjust the notes for students with a biological background, and at the same time supply a minimal set of formulas to describe the relationship between practical observations and genetic theory. In addition to the description of traits with simple Mendelian inheritance, the description of the genetics for traits (diseases) with multifactoriel aetiology has also been emphasized, here the application of correct breeding plans make it possible to significantly lower the frequency of the disease..." Examples of Population Genetics Course Chapters include: "...Introduction, quantitative versus qualitative (Mendelian) genetics; Hardy-Weinberg law for gene frequency stability in large populations; Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; Relationship and inbreeding; Test of simple genetic hypotheses, experimental or field data; Definition of quantitative traits, breeding values and heritability; Estimation of breeding values; Inbreeding, crossing and bred structure; etc..." For more information see Knud Christensen's Home Page or the Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences or the Faculty of Life Sciences Some examples from over "12" Population Genetics Calculators include Chapter 14: Genetic Calculators, Applets and other Programs Linkage, 3-point Analyses from Test Cross Change in Gene- and Genotype Frequencies, and effect of Population Size Calculation of Corrected Segregation Ratio according to Singles Method POPULATION GENETICS - K. Holsinger, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Kent Holsinger's Home Page or the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Some examples from over "11" Population Genetics Calculator include EM Algorithm for ABO Frequencies Calculator EM Algorithm for ABO Frequencies Calculator "...Illustrates the EM algorithm for estimating allele frequencies in the ABO blood system. Users may select from a variety of sample configurations (including random allocation of phenotypes with three different sample sizes) and several different starting guesses (including random frequencies)..." Natural Selection Calculator Natural Selection Calculator "...illustrates how allele frequencies change over time in response to natural selection on diploid genotypes. Users may select from five different fitnesses (0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2) for each of the three genotypes. The number of generations is fixed at 100. Results from up to eight different iterations are..." Genetic Drift and Mutation Calculator Genetic Drift and Mutation Calculator "...illustrates the interaction between mutation and genetic drift. Users may select from three different population sizes (25, 100, 250) and several different mutation rates (none, 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01). 32 populations are simulated simultaneously and the results are displayed as a frequency histogram..." XGROW ON THE WEB (JAVA APPLET) - Department of Botany & Zoology, University of Toronto, Canada VERY EXTENSIVE. XGROW Calculator "...is a computer simulation program developed by BIO150Y for students to design and conduct experiments in population growth under conditions of unrestricted growth, competition, and predation..." For more information see the Department of Botany & Zoology

Fresh Water Fish Habitats

Columbia Basin Water & Fisheries Project Erosion Fish Habitat Suitability Index ~ Fish Health ~ Fish Passage Fish Protection at Water Diversions Flow Between Two Reservoirs Free Ammonia-Nitrogen ~ Gas Saturation in Streams Hatchery Breeding ~ Lakes Long-term Water Balance Nutrient Content in Water Runoff & Stream Flow Stream Pebble Count ~ Water Density ~ Water Runoff

Fish Habitats FISH HABITAT CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HATCHERY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS WATERSHED CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS STREAM FLOW CALCULATORS & APPLETS Columbia Basin Water & Fisheries Project JAVADART - Columbia Basin Research, School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences (SAFS), University of Washington VERY VERY VERY VERY......EXTENSIVE. Columbia Columbia River DART includes "...River Environment data courtesy of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, NWD and Grant County PUD..." "...Adult Passage data courtesy of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, NWD and Chelan, Douglas, and Grant County PUDs and Yakima Klickitat Fisheries Project..." "...Juvenile Passage data courtesy of Fish Passage Center..." For more information see javaDART - Java-based DART Graphics Tool; Columbia Columbia River DART (Data Access in Real Time); Columbia Basin Research or the School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences (SAFS) Some examples from over "24" DART Databases that are included in the JavaDART DART Adult Salmonid Passage Composite Report DART Smolt Index Composite Report DART Hatchery Releases DART Hourly Water Quality Composite Report Examples of related Models & Tools available include Growth of salmonids: eggs and fry Juvenile Salmon Travel Time Models Erosion WATER RUNOFF: SHORT-TERM & LONG-TERM HYDROLOGIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT (L-THIA) DETAILED INPUT - Urban Sprawl Hydrologic Impact, Schools of Engineering, Agricultural & Biological Engeering, Purdue University & the Construction Engineering Research Laboratories Division of the US Army Corps of Engineers VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Impacts of Land Use Change on Water Resources Water Runoff: Short-Term Impact Assessments Tools "...Includes four different tools: SedSpec, Rational Method, TR-55 & Database Frontend..." Water Runoff: Long-Term Impact Assessments Tools "...This tool uses the land use and a soil characteristic from the user along with thirty years of precipitation data to determine the average impact that a particular land use change or set of changes..." Water Runoff Tools INPUT Values include: By State; By County; Area in "...Acres, Hectares, Km2, Mi2..." Land Use "...Commercial; Industrial; Residential; Open Spaces; Parking/Paved Spaces; Water/Wetlands; Grass/Pasture; Agriculture; Forest; Custom Land Use..." Hydrologic Soil Groups..." For more information see Web-Based GIS and Decision Support Systems for Hydrological/Water Quality Impact Analysis or the College of Engineering Fish Health NATIONAL WILD FISH HEALTH DATABASE - Conducted as a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Division of Fish Hatcheries and Montana State University, Environmental Statistics Group; and hosted by the Environmental Statistics Group Multimedia National Wild Fish Health Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. National Wild Fish Health Database "...This program searches the Wild Fish Health Databases and maps the results based on the options that you choose..." For more information see the Limitation Confirmation; National Wild Fish Health Survey Database Web Site; Environmental Statistics Group or the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Fish Calculation: Predicts the Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) FISH CALCULATOR (FISH 1) - S. Parson, Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET), Penn State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Fish Calculator "...is designed to predict the habitat suitability index (HSI) for four life stages and overall for brown trout. The HSI is used by scientists to rate how well a given body of water can support a particular fish life stage and species..." For more information see Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET) Fish Passage FISHXING (FISH CROSSING) - Stream Systems Technology Center, Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Multimedia Design Culverts for Fish Passage Sofware, Teaching Modules, Case Studies (Text, Images, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. FISHXING is "...intended to assist engineers, hydrologists, and fish biologists in the evaluation and design of culverts for fish passage...." For more information see the Stream Systems Technology Center Software; Stream Systems Technology Center Publications or Stream Systems Technology Center Fish Protection at Water Diversions FISH PROTECTION AT WATER DIVERSIONS - Water Resources Research Laboratory, Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Multimedia Fish Protection at Water Diversions Manual (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Fish Protection at Water Diversions Manual "...The purpose of this manual is to provide design guidance for fish protection at small dams and water diversion structures by providing fish exclusion alternatives. This manual is addressed to the water user community involved in assessing, recommending, and designing appropriate fish exclusion facilities at water diversion structures..." Examples of "Fish Protection at Water Diversions Manual" Chapters incude "...Fish Protection; Overview of Fish Exclusion; Positive Barrier Screens; Behavioral Barriers; Post-Construction Evaluation; ect..." For more information see the Water Resources Research Laboratory Flow Between Two Reservoirs FLOW BETWEEN TWO RESERVOIRS (JAVA APPLET) - F. Hellweger, D.R. Maidment & B. Adams, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas VERY EXTENSIVE. Flow Between Two Reservoirs "...A fluid flow system between two reservoirs is presented in an applet called Visiflow, and the user has a number of options about the connection between the reservoirs..." For more information see Ferdi Hellweger - WWW Educational Tools; Ferdi Hellweger's Home Page or the Department of Civil Engineering Free Ammonia-Nitrogen FREE AMMONIA-NITROGEN CALCULATOR - J.E. Alleman, Environmental and Hydraulic Engineering Area, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University Multimedia Free Ammonia-Nitrogen Teaching Modules & Calculators (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Free ammonia (NH3-N) and ionized-ammonia (NH4+-N) "...represent two forms of reduced inorganic nitrogen which exist in equilibrium depending upon the pH and temperature of the waters in which they are found. Of the two, the free ammonia form is considerably more toxic to organisms such as fish and, therefore, we pay considerable attention to the relative concencentration of this particular contaminant. Lastly, this free ammonia is a gaseous chemical, whereas the NH4+ form of reduced nitrogen is an ionized form which remains soluble in water..." Free Ammonia-Nitrogen Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Total (NH3+NH4)-Nitrogen Concentration; pH; Temperature..." For more information see J.E. Alleman's Home Page or the School of Civil Engineering Gas Saturation in Streams GAS SATURATION CALCULATOR FOR STREAMS - H. Bührer, Switzerland VERY EXTENSIVE. Gas Saturation Calculator for Streams INPUT Values include: Select one of the Gases: "...Hydrogen, Deuterium, Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, 222Rn, Oxygen, Nitrogen, N2O, NO, CO, CO2, SO2, Chlorine, Cl2O, ClO2, Ethane, Propane, Butane, H2Se, H2S, & CH4..." Input Temperature, Air Pressure or Saturation Percentatge; etc. For more information see Calculators or Heinrich Bührer's Home Page Hatchery Breeding EVOLUTION UNDER GENERAL INTEGRATED HATCHERY BREEDING SYSTEM - CALCULATOR - Environmental Statistics Group, Department of Ecology, Montana State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Evolution under General Integrated Hatchery Breeding System Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Replacement Rate from Hatchery Spawning; Replacement Rate from Wild Spawning; Rate of Mining Hatchery Origin Broodstock for Hatchery; Rate of Mining Wild Origin Broodstock for Hatchery; etc..." For more information see the Environmental Statistics Group Lakes Long-term Water Balance LAKE BUDGET ESTIMATOR - E. Holzbecher, Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany VERY EXTENSIVE. Lake Budget Calculator "...calculates one missing term in a lake's long-term water balance..." For more information see Ekkehard Holzbecher's Home Page or the Department of Ecohydrology Nutrient Content in Water Runoff & Stream Flow NUTRIENT CALCULATORS (NUTRIENT 1) - S. Parson, Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET), Penn State University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Nutrient Calculators "...use a combination of factors from the previous calculators and a new waste water factor. Dissolved nutrients are strongly tied to factors which affect runoff and stream flow..." Load Average Year Nutrient Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Land Cover; Soil Texture; Slope; Length along Slope; Groundwater Aquifer; Waste Water..." Load Dry Year Nutrient Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Land Cover; Soil Texture; Slope; Length along Slope; Groundwater Aquifer; Waste Water..." Load Wet Year Nutrient Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Land Cover; Soil Texture; Slope; Length along Slope; Groundwater Aquifer; Waste Water..." For more information see Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET) Stream Pebble Count SIZE-CLASS PEBBLE COUNT ANALYZER (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - Stream Systems Technology Center, Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Size-Class Pebble Count Calculator "...helps users estimate sample size, enter field data tallied by size class, produce tables and graphs, and perform statistical analysis using contingency tables and the Pearson chi-squared statistic..." For more information see the Stream Systems Technology Center Software; Stream Systems Technology Center Publications or Stream Systems Technology Center ZIG-ZAG PEBBLE COUNT ANALYZER (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - Stream Systems Technology Center, Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Zig-Zag Pebble Count Calculator "...helps users estimate sample size, enter field data measured using the zig-zag protocol, produce tables and graphs, and perform statistical analysis using contingency tables and the Pearson chi-squared statistic..." For more information see the Stream Systems Technology Center Software; Stream Systems Technology Center Publications or Stream Systems Technology Center Water Density WATER DENSITY CACULATOR - H. Bührer, Switzerland Water Density Calculator "...Suspended particles are not included. Valid in freshwater only..." Water Density Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Conductance at Actual Temperature; Conductance at 20 Degrees; Conductance at 25 Degrees; Density; Water Depth; Density in Depth; Temperature at Maximum Density..." For more information see Calculators or Heinrich Bührer's Home Page Water Runoff RUNOFF CALCULATOR (RUNOFF 1) - S. Parson, Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET), Penn State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Runoff Calculator "...The two main things that control runoff is the land cover and the soil. Runoff and infiltration do a balancing act..." Runoff Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Amount of Rain; Land Cover (Forest, Pasture, Row Crops, etc.); Soil Infiltration Rate (Sand, Silt, Clay); Soil Moisture (Dry, Moist, Wet)..." For more information see Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET)

Geography & Topography

Geography Dictionaries & Glossaries Geography & Topography Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Geograhic Maps & Atlases World Map Atlases ~ Geo-Sparial Maps, Fly Over Maps, 3D Maps Interactive Mapping, Design Your Own Map Geographic Maps & Atlases for Individual Countries Geographic Names, Geographical Coordinates Topography Databases

Geography & Topography GEOGRAPHY DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES GIS DICTIONARY (Geographical Information System) - University of Edinburgh and Association for Geographic Information, U.K. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. GIS Dictionary "...includes definitions for 980 terms compiled from a variety of sources which either relate directly to GIS or which GIS users may come across in the course of their work. The dictionary is also supplemented by 52 diagrams...." GEOGRAPHY & TOPOGRAPHY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY - M. Pidwirny, Department of Biology and Physical Geography, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan Multimedia Fundamentals of Physical Geography Textbook (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Fundamentals of Physical Geography" Textbook Chapters include Introduction to Physical Geography; Maps, Remote Sensing, and GIS; The Science of Physical Geography; Introduction to Systems Theory; Energy and Matter; Introduction to the Atmosphere; Introduction to the Hydrosphere; etc..." For more information see the PhysicalGeography.net; Michael Pidwirny's Home Page or the Department of Biology and Physical Geography TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS, THE BASICS (TOPO 101) - Centre for Topographic Information, Ottawa, Canada Multimedia Topographic Maps, The Basics (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Centre for Topographic Information KEY TO TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS - K.A. Lemke, Department of Geography & Geology, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wisconsin Multimedia Key to Topographic Maps Teaching Module (Text & Images). For more information see Glacial Geology Course Home Page; Karen A. Lemke's Home Page or the Department of Geography & Geology MAP PROJECTIONS - Department of Geography, Univeristy of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado Multimedia Map Projections Teaching Module (Text & Images). For more information see The Geographer's Craft or the Department of Geography GEOGRAPHIC MAPS & ATLASES World Map Atlases WORLD FACTBOOK - Central Intelligence Agency VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. World Factbook includes "...Maps, Geography, People, Government, Economy, Communications, etc..." For more information see the Central Intelligence Agency WORLD MAP ATLAS - MapQuest VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the MapQuest MAP MACHINE - National Geographic VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see National Geographic MAPQUEST - MapQuest.com VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geo-Sparial Maps, Fly Over Maps, 3D Maps, etc. GEO-DATA EXPLORER (GEODE) - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GEO-DATA Explorer (GEODE) "...Use GEO-DATA Explorer (GEODE) to access, view, and download information from geo-spatial databases containing a broad spectrum of data produced by the USGS and other government agencies..." For more information see the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) GLOBAL LAND COVER DATABASES - Global Land Cover Facility, University of Maryland Multimedia Global Land Cover Facility Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF) "...provides earth science data and products to help everyone to better understand global environmental systems..." GOOGLE EARTH - Google Inc. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Google Earth "...Quickly zoom from space down to street level and combine imagery, 3D geography, maps, and business data to get the total picture in seconds..." SHUTTLE RADAR TOPOGRAPHY DATABASES - FLY-OVERS, MOVIES, 3D, ETC. - Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), JPL and is an international project spearheaded by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Multimedia Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) "...obtained elevation data on a near-global scale to generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth..." SATELITE IMAGERY - Digital Globe VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Digital Globe "...The home of the world’s leading provider of high resolution commercial imagery and the only company operating a constellation of sub-meter commercial imaging satellites..." Interactive Mapping, Design Your Own Map PLANIGLOBE - M. Weinelt, S. Körsgen & R. Kantz, kk+w - digitale kartografie GmbH, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. With Planiglobe "...you may generate maps interactively at planiglobe. Zoom in and out, search for places and add your own locations to a map...These formats are vector based graphic formats which overcome resolution limitations usually found with JPEG or GIF formats. You can select and edit single objects or groups of lines, points or polygons and change graphic attributes such as size and color..." GAZZA'S INTERACTIVE MAPS - G. Nicholson, New Zealand VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Gary Nicholson's Home Page Some examples of Interactive Maps include The World: World Journey Planner Mediterranean Sea Planner Map New Zealand Journey Planner Map GMT-3: THE GENERIC MAPPING TOOLS - Developed and Maintained by: P. Wessel & W.H.F. Smith, Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawai'i at Manoa VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) "...is an open source collection of ~60 tools for manipulating geographic and Cartesian data sets (including filtering, trend fitting, gridding, projecting, etc.) and producing Encapsulated PostScript File (EPS) illustrations ranging from simple x-y plots via contour maps to artificially illuminated surfaces and 3-D perspective views. GMT supports ~30 map projections and transformations and comes with support data such as GSHHS coastlines, rivers, and political boundaries..." For more information see Pål (Paul) Wessel's Home Page Geographic Maps & Atlases for Individual Countries AUSTRALIAN GEOGRAPHIC ATLASES & MAPS - Environment Australia, Department of the Environment & Heritage, Sydney, Australia VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Department of the Environment & Heritage CANADA: THE NATIONAL ATLAS OF CANADA - Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, Natural Resources Canada VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Natural Resources Canada U.S. INTERACTIVE MAP - Google VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. U.S. INTERACTIVE MAP - Yahoo VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GEODATA - U.S. MAPS & DATA - Geospatial One-Stop Multimedia Interactive Databases (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GEODATA "...a web-based portal for one-stop access to maps, data and other geospatial services that will simplify the ability of all levels of government and citizens to find geospatial data and learn more about geospatial projects underway..." GEO-DATA EXPLORER (GEODE) - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GEO-DATA Explorer "...Use GEO-DATA Explorer (GEODE) to access, view, and download information from geo-spatial databases containing a broad spectrum of data produced by the USGS and other government agencies..." For more information see the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) MAPTECH: ONLINE TOPO MAPS, NAUTICAL CHARTS, AERO CHARTS & NAV PHOTOS - Maptech, Inc., Amesbury, MA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. NATIONAL ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES - National Mapping Information, U.S. Geological Survery (USGS) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see National Atlas Information or National Mapping Information TERRAFLY: AN INTERACTIVE "FLY-OVER" OF THE U.S. - High Performance Database Research Center (HPDRC), School of Computer Science, Florida International University VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Florida International University GEOGRAPHIC NAMES, GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES, ETC. Geographic Names World Wide GETTY THESAURUS OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES ON LINE - The J. Paul Getty Trust VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Conducting Research; Research at Getty or The Getty Australia AUSTRALIA GEOGRAPHIC PLACE NAMES (GAZETEER) - Environment Australia, Department of the Environment & Heritage, Sydney, Australia VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see GIS Tools; Australian Maps & Databases or Department of the Environment & Heritage U.S. GEOGRAPHIC NAMES INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GNIS) - U.S. Geological Survery (USGS), Department of the Interior VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geographic Names Information Systems (GNIS) "...Applying the latest technology, the Board on Geographic Names continues its mission. It serves the Federal Government and the public as a central authority to which name problems, name inquiries, name changes, and new name proposals can be directed. In partnership with Federal, State, and local agencies, the Board provides a conduit through which uniform geographic name usage is applied and current names data is promulgated..." For more information see the U.S. Geological Survery MAP COLLECTIONS Map Collections All Inclusive ODDENS'S BOOKMARKS: THE FASCINATING WORLD OF MAPS AND MAPPING - R. P. Oddens, Cartography Department, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Utrecht University VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Map Collections GLOBAL RELIEF MAPS - Marine Geology & Geophysics Division (MGG), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Global Relief Maps "...This set of 20 slides contains 14 global views of the Earth in full color shaded relief, showing land and undersea topography..." For more information see MGG Images or the Marine Geology & Geophysics Division THE RYHINER-PROJECT - University Library of Berne, Switzerland VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Ryhiner map collection is one of the most valuable and considerable collections of the world. It consists of more than 15,000 maps, charts, plans and views from the 16th to the 18th century, covering the whole globe..." For more information see the University Library of Berne TOPOGRAPHY Topography Databases GLOBAL BATHYMETRY AND TOPOGRAPHY - Marine Geology & Geophysics, National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA Mulitmedia Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Marine Geology & Geophysics

Geomagnetic GEOMAGNETIC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS COMPUTE VALUES OF EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD - National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Earth's Magnetic Field Values Calculators include: "...Estimated Value of Magnetic Declination Calculator; Magnetic Field Calculator (Geomagnetic Online Calculator); U.S. Historic Declination Calculator; Estimated Values of Magnetic Field Properties Calculator..." For more information see Geomagnetism or the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) CORRECTED GEOMAGNETIC COORDINATES - Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. IGRF/DGRF Model Parameters and Corrected Geomagnetic Coordinates Calculator "...enables computation of a set of the main geomagnetic field model parameters and transformation from the GEOcentric spherical (geographic) coordinates to the Corrected GeoMagnetic (CGM) coordinates and vice versa..." For more information see Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) or the Goddard Space Flight Center